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《工程(英文)》 >> 2016年 第2卷 第4期 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.014

中国生态文明的基础设施

a Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
b School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
c Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris 75775, France

录用日期: 2016-12-01 发布日期: 2016-12-28

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摘要

预计到2020 年,中国的绿色投资需求将达到每年1.7 万亿~2.9 万亿元人民币( 折合2740 亿~4680 亿美元)。对经济需求的评估已经提供给了众多的行业,包括可持续能源、基础设施建设( 包括环境保护)、环境修复、工业污染控制、能源和水资源效率以及绿色产品。中国的绿色财政的背景已经在讨论之中,覆盖了城镇化、气候改变、基础设施交互以及工业模式的转变。很多基础设施建设的融资发生在城市中,聚焦在《国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020 年)》下的公平、环境保护以及生活质量问题。中国在建筑行业已经实施了很多成功的政策,但是中国的建筑节能仍有相当大的提升空间。中国目前正在追求低碳的增长战略,这与中国的整体环境和生活质量目标一致。到2020 年之后,中国作为一个生态文明国家的未来将建立在一个中央基础设施政策的实施上,这个政策就是《中国2050 高比例可再生能源发展情景暨路径研究》。以《循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划》为例,中国绿色工业转型的关键一步涉及节约材料的工程系统,以此减少甚至清除废料。为了更好地理解中国经济在其绿色转型中的改变,以及释放其巨大的潜在资金来源,有必要对中国所有的基础设施部门进行更加全面的研究,尤其是货运铁路的基础设施和港口。要清理土壤和地下水中的环境污染残留物,以及减少工业污染,都需要巨大的投资。电力行业摒弃煤炭的转型将会避免一些工业治理成本。工程师在计划、设计和构造中国新绿色基础设施中的贡献,也同样会在理解了宽松的政策环境以及土地利用、基础设施和环保成效间的相互作用后更进一步。

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