[ 1 ] Marini M, Veicsteinas A. The exercised skeletal muscle: A review. Eur J Transl Myol 2010;20(3):105–20 链接1

[ 2 ] Manjarín R, Columbus DA, Suryawan A, Nguyen HV, Hernandez-García AD, Hoang NM, et al.. Leucine supplementation of a chronically restricted protein and energy diet enhances mTOR pathway activation but not muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs. Amino Acids 2016;48(1):257–67 链接1

[ 3 ] Gautsch TA, Anthony JC, Kimball SR, Paul GL, Layman DK, Jefferson LS. Availability of eIF4E regulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis during recovery from exercise. Am J Physiol 1998;274(2 Pt 1):C406–14.

[ 4 ] Yao K, Yin Y, Chu W, Liu Z, Deng D, Li T, et al.. Dietary arginine supplementation increases mTOR signaling activity in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. J Nutr 2008;138(5):867–72.

[ 5 ] Sugawara T, Ito Y, Nishizawa N, Nagasawa T. Supplementation with dietary leucine to a protein-deficient diet suppresses myofibrillar protein degradation in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007;53(6):552–5 链接1

[ 6 ] Anthony JC, Reiter AK, Anthony TG, Crozier SJ, Lang CH, MacLean DA, et al.. Orally administered leucine enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats in the absence of increases in 4E-BP1 or S6K1 phosphorylation. Diabetes 2002;51(4):928–36 链接1

[ 7 ] Li F, Yin Y, Tan B, Kong X, Wu G. Leucine nutrition in animals and humans: mTOR signaling and beyond. Amino Acids 2011;41(5):1185–93 链接1

[ 8 ] Columbus DA, Fiorotto ML, Davis TA. Leucine is a major regulator of muscle protein synthesis in neonates. Amino Acids 2015;47(2):259–70 链接1

[ 9 ] Deng D, Yao K, Chu W, Li T, Huang R, Yin Y, et al.. Impaired translation initiation activation and reduced protein synthesis in weaned piglets fed a low-protein diet. J Nutr Biochem 2009;20(7):544–52 链接1

[10] Anthony JC, Yoshizawa F, Anthony TG, Vary TC, Jefferson LS, Kimball SR. Leucine stimulates translation initiation in skeletal muscle of postabsorptive rats via a rapamycin-sensitive pathway. J Nutr 2000;130(10):2413–9.

[11] Benevenga NJ, Calvert C, Eckhert CD, Fahey GC, Greger JL, Keen CL, et al., editors. Nutrient requirements of laboratory animals. 4th ed. Washington: National Academies Press; 1995.

[12] Mao X, Zeng X, Huang Z, Wang J, Qiao S. Leptin and leucine synergistically regulate protein metabolism in C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscles. Br J Nutr 2013;110(2):256–64 链接1

[13] Yin F, Liu Y, Yin Y, Kong X, Huang R, Li T, et al.. Dietary supplementation with Astragalus polysaccharide enhances ileal digestibilities and serum concentrations of amino acids in early weaned piglets. Amino Acids 2009;37(2):263–70 链接1

[14] Bregendahl K, Liu L, Cant JP, Bayley HS, McBride BW, Milligan LP, et al.. Fractional protein synthesis rates measured by an intraperitoneal injection of a flooding dose of L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine in pigs. J Nutr 2004;134(10):2722–8.

[15] McNurlan MA, Essén P, Thorell A, Calder AG, Anderson SE, Ljungqvist O, et al.. Response of protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle to insulin: An investigation with L-[2H5]phenylalanine. Am J Physiol 1994;267(1 Pt 1):E102–8.

[16] Suryawan A, Torrazza RM, Gazzaneo MC, Orellana RA, Fiorotto ML, El-Kadi SW, et al.. Enteral leucine supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs through mTORC1-dependent pathways. Pediatr Res 2012;71(4 Pt 1):324–31 链接1

[17] Hayase K, Yokogoshi H. Effect of exercise on tissue protein synthesis in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1992;56(10):1637–9 链接1

[18] Balage M, Dupont J, Mothe-Satney I, Tesseraud S, Mosoni L, Dardevet D. Leucine supplementation in rats induced a delay in muscle IR/PI3K signaling pathway associated with overall impaired glucose tolerance. J Nutr Biochem 2011;22(3):219–26 链接1

[19] Zeanandin G, Balage M, Schneider SM, Dupont J, Hébuterne X, Mothe-Satney I, et al.. Differential effect of long-term leucine supplementation on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in old rats: An insulin signaling pathway approach. Age (Dordr) 2012;34(2):371–87 链接1

[20] Zhang Y, Guo K, LeBlanc RE, Loh D, Schwartz GJ, Yu Y. Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms. Diabetes 2007;56(6):1647–54 链接1

[21] Harper AE, Miller RH, Block KP. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 1984;4:409–54 链接1

[22] Dardevet D, Sornet C, Bayle G, Prugnaud J, Pouyet C, Grizard J. Postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in old rats can be restored by a leucine-supplemented meal. J Nutr 2002;132(1):95–100.

[23] Rieu I, Balage M, Sornet C, Debras E, Ripes S, Rochon-Bonhomme C, et al.. Increased availability of leucine with leucine-rich whey proteins improves postprandial muscle protein synthesis in aging rats. Nutrition 2007;23(4):323–31 链接1

[24] Churchward-Venne TA, Breen L, Di Donato DM, Hector AJ, Mitchell CJ, Moore DR, et al.. Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: A double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99(2):276–86 链接1

[25] Hong S, Layman DK. Effects of leucine on in vitro protein synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal muscles. J Nutr 1984;114(7):1204–12.

[26] Balage M, Dardevet D. Long-term effects of leucine supplementation on body composition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010;13(3):265–70 链接1

[27] Kim IY, Schutzler S, Schrader A, Spencer H, Kortebein P, Deutz NE, et al.. Quantity of dietary protein intake, but not pattern of intake, affects net protein balance primarily through differences in protein synthesis in older adults. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015;308(1):E21–8 链接1

[28] Mitchell CJ, Churchward-Venne TA, Cameron-Smith D, Phillips SM. What is the relationship between the acute muscle protein synthesis response and changes in muscle mass? J Appl Physiol 2015;118(4):495–7 链接1

[29] Kimball SR, Jefferson LS. Regulation of global and specific mRNA translation by oral administration of branched-chain amino acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;313(2):423–7 链接1

[30] Avruch J, Lin Y, Long X, Murthy S, Ortiz-Vega S. Recent advances in the regulation of the TOR pathway by insulin and nutrients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2005;8(1):67–72 链接1

[31] Corradetti MN, Guan KL. Upstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin: Do all roads pass through mTOR? Oncogene 2006;25(48):6347–60 链接1

[32] Xu W, Bai K, He J, Su W, Dong L, Zhang L, et al.. Leucine improves growth performance of intrauterine growth retardation piglets by modifying gene and protein expression related to protein synthesis. Nutrition 2016;32(1):114–21 链接1

[33] Kimball SR, Horetsky RL, Jefferson LS. Implication of eIF2B rather than eIF4E in the regulation of global protein synthesis by amino acids in L6 myoblasts. J Biol Chem 1998;273(47):30945–53 链接1

[34] Vary T. Oral leucine enhances myocardial protein synthesis in rats acutely administered ethanol. J Nutr 2009;139(8):1439–44 链接1 链接2