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《工程(英文)》 >> 2017年 第3卷 第6期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.11.006

软土机械化隧道开挖——冰积层开挖模式的选择与土壤改良添加剂的运用

a Gruner AG, Basel 4020, Switzerland
b Normet International Ltd., Hünenberg 6331, Switzerland

发布日期: 2017-12-30

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摘要

高山区地层历史受冰川活动影响,冰川活动对该区域地下工程的影响很大。机械化隧道开挖必须适应可靠和蚀变岩石,必须适应同一条隧道沿线软硬不均土层(透水砾石—软黏土沉积物)。本文主要介绍在瑞士使用隧道掘进机(TBM)的经验,重点介绍穿越软硬不均软土过程中的土壤改良问题。过去大部分隧道均采用泥水模式(SM)掘进,该模式下不同添加剂的使用主要限于高渗透性困难地段和更换工具及改装等需要停止掘进时。对于不太常见的土压平衡模式(EPBM)掘进,连续泡沫改良及额外采用聚合物和膨润土经证明是成功的。调节添加剂的使用使泥浆分离(对于SM)和开挖土料处理(对于EPBM)时面临新的挑战。如果在设计和开挖模式评估阶段提前考虑按符合环境法律规定的方式处理土压平衡(EPB)掘进过程中产生的经化学处理的软土料,则EPBM 有利于冰积层隧道掘进施工。

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