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《工程(英文)》 >> 2018年 第4卷 第3期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.018

废锂离子电池中有价金属回收的研究进展

a Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
b Taixing High School of Jiangsu Province, Taixing 225400, China
c Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China

收稿日期: 2017-12-15 修回日期: 2018-03-01 录用日期: 2018-03-15 发布日期: 2018-05-24

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摘要

近年来,随着锂离子电池在消费电子产品和电动汽车领域应用的快速增长,导致了废旧锂离子电池的数量和重量呈现快速的增长。废旧锂离子电池中不仅含有有害的重金属,还含有有毒的化学物质,这些有害物质会对生态系统和人类健康构成严重的威胁。因此,从环境保护和经济方面考虑,高效地回收废旧锂离子电池受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了废锂离子电池中有价金属回收的工艺现状,介绍了锂离子电池的结构并总结了废锂离子电池回收技术。值得注意的是,预处理过程和金属提取过程在整个回收过程十分重要,其中金属提取过程主要采用的方法有火法冶金、湿法冶金、生物冶金及其他方法等。通过进一步比较不同回收方法,提出了目前废锂离子电池回收处理过程中主要存在的问题和未来的发展方向。

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