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《工程(英文)》 >> 2020年 第6卷 第1期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.010

新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述

a Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
b Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA

收稿日期: 2018-09-16 修回日期: 2019-02-12 录用日期: 2019-02-22 发布日期: 2019-08-07

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摘要

犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)是一种囊肿形成的原生动物寄生虫,它是世界范围内牛的流产和新生儿死亡的主要原因。犬新孢子虫具有广泛的中间宿主范围,其有性繁殖只在犬科动物中发生。另一种新孢子虫——休斯新孢子虫也已经被发现,它能导致马的脑髓炎。虽然分子流行病学研究尚处于起步阶段,但核糖体小亚单位RNA(small subunit ribosomal RNA, ssuRNA)和犬新孢子虫物种特异性DNA探针(pNc5)中的18S rRNA和ITS1区域已被广泛应用于区分新孢子虫和其他密切相关的顶复门寄生虫。虽然这些重复区域比管家或抗原基因具有更高的敏感性和特异性,但它们具有较低的区分能力,无法捕捉物种内部的多样性。同样,尽管多个小卫星或微卫星标记研究显示了新孢子虫体内清晰的地理亚结构,但由于不同等位基因的大小在微卫星位点上趋同(称为同形质),虫株往往被错误分类。只有一株名为N. caninum Liverpool(Nc-Liv)的虫株被进行基因组测序,并与其近亲弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)进行了比较。因此,需要基于全世界多个虫株的全基因组序列进行详细的群体基因组学研究,以便更好地了解新孢子虫目前的种群遗传结构,最终
确定能够更有效对抗牛新孢子虫病的疫苗候选者。本文的目的是概述我们目前对新孢子虫的分子流行病学和基因组学的理解,并将其与密切相关的顶复门寄生虫哈蒙球虫和弓形虫结合起来。

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