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《工程(英文)》 >> 2019年 第5卷 第5期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.012

了解澳大利亚污水处理厂污泥和生物固体中某些滥用药物的清除和去向

a Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson
Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
b School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, North Terrace, SA 5000, Australia
c Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095,
Australia
d Australian Water Quality Center, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
e Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia

收稿日期: 2018-08-28 修回日期: 2018-12-26 录用日期: 2019-03-06 发布日期: 2019-07-10

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摘要

非法药物和医用药物正逐渐成为研究者关心的新兴污染物,现在已有大量研究工作评估了它们在废水中的存在情况。然而,关于这些药物在处理后的污泥或生物固体中存在情况的信息却很少。在本项研究中,我们检测了取自澳大利亚一个大型城市废水处理厂(wastewater treatment plant, WWTP)的污泥和生物固体,以此确定5种滥用药物的存在情况,其中包括作为可卡因消耗量指示剂的苯甲酰爱康宁、作为代表性非法兴奋剂的甲基苯丙胺和3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine, MDMA),以及具有潜在环境风险的药品可待因和吗啡。通过固相萃取并由液相色谱串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)对样品进行分析。苯甲酰爱康宁和MDMA存在于原污泥中,但在固体处理过程中明显降解,且在脱水污泥(处理后)或生物固体中未检出。在所有生物固体样品中均检测到甲基苯丙胺、可待因和吗啡,平均浓度为20~50 μg·kg–1。这三种药物在生物固体中的存在表明这些化合物在固体和土壤中相对稳定,并至少可在生物固体中存在几年的时间。基于这些化合物的估计风险商(risk quotient, RQ)进行的简单环境风险评估表明,在标准的澳大利亚生物固体施用量下,与生物固体土地施用相关的潜在环境风险非常低。

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