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《工程(英文)》 >> 2019年 第5卷 第5期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.014

黄土高原生态重建的水沙效应研究

a Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
b State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
c School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
d Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
e Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
f National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

收稿日期: 2018-07-22 修回日期: 2019-01-17 录用日期: 2018-03-07 发布日期: 2019-07-17

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摘要

黄土高原是全球土壤侵蚀最为严重的区域之一,也是黄河泥沙的主要来源。自20世纪50年代大规模水土保持措施实施以来,该地区入黄泥沙量持续减少,流域内泥沙来源与输移机制变得更为复杂,对水土保持措施作用下的河流输沙及变异特征的研究一直是学界关注的重点。本文以水土保持治理成效最为显著的黄土丘陵沟壑区的典型区域为研究对象,采用近50年的水沙观测数据,分析水土保持作用下流域水沙关系演变。结果表明,水土保持措施的实施引发流域水沙关系的显著变化,具体表现为幂指数水沙关系中系数的减小和指数的增加,且前阶段指数增加缓慢而后期增加剧烈。幂指数的增加表征新的更加陡峭的水沙关系曲线,意味着流域年际输沙变异程度或将增强。此外,新旧水沙关系曲线存在一个临界交点,在新的水沙关系条件下,低于临界流量的径流将输移更少的泥沙,这也是该地区泥沙输移新的主导状态;然而,大于临界流量的极端径流也有可能引发更强的泥沙输移。因此,本文认为黄土高原的低泥沙输移未必是一种新常态,极端洪水条件下仍有强输沙的可能性而需增强防范。

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