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《工程(英文)》 >> 2019年 第5卷 第6期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.023

信息科学应引领未来的生物医学研究

The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

收稿日期: 2019-03-25 修回日期: 2019-06-29 录用日期: 2019-07-22 发布日期: 2019-09-20

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摘要

笔者从长期回顾的角度阐述了对人工智能(AI)/数据科学与生物医学之间关系的看法。随着新技术的不断出现,现代生物医学的发展持续加速。由于所有生命系统基本上都受其自身DNA中信息的支配,因此信息科学对生物医学的研究具有特别重要的意义。与物理学不同,在生物学中没有发现(或很少有)主导定律。因此,在生物学中,“数据到知识”方法很重要。人工智能在历史上一直应用于生物医学,最近的新闻表明,基于人工智能的方法在国际蛋白质结构预测竞争中获得了最佳性能,这可能被视为该领域的另一个里程碑。类似的方法可能有助于解决基因组序列解释中的问题,如确定患者基因组中的癌症驱动突变。最近,新一代测序(NGS)的爆炸性发展已产生大量数据,并且这种趋势将加速。NGS不仅用于“读取”DNA序列,而且还用于在单细胞水平上获得各种类型的信息。这些数据可以视为气候模拟中的网格数据点。数据科学和人工智能对于这些数据的综合解释/模拟都将变得至关重要,并将在未来的精密医学中起主导作用。

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