期刊首页 优先出版 当期阅读 过刊浏览 作者中心 关于期刊 English

《工程(英文)》 >> 2020年 第6卷 第6期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.002

从学科交叉角度看地学周期表——地球化学与冶金学的相似性与联系

a School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
b Key Laboratory for Metallurgy and Material Processing of Rare Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

收稿日期: 2019-05-09 修回日期: 2019-06-17 录用日期: 2019-09-09 发布日期: 2020-04-17

下一篇 上一篇

摘要

2003年,Railsback概括了地球自然环境中大量的元素地质学信息,提出了“地学元素和离子周期表”。作为一门应用科学,冶金学与地球化学一样也关注矿物组成和元素行为。本文基于地球化学规律和诸多冶金学实例,梳理了地质学与冶金学之间的相似性和联系。例如,高离子势和低离子势的简单阳离子大多通过湿法冶金提取,而中等离子势的简单阳离子大多通过火法冶金提取。再如,地质学中的元素亲和性与冶金过程中元素的迁移行为紧密相关。具体来说,在火法冶金中,亲石元素倾向于聚集在熔渣中、亲铜/硫元素倾向于进入锍相、亲铁元素容易进入金属熔体、亲气元素倾向于进入气相。此外,在湿法冶金中,可以利用软硬酸碱原理(HSAB)来解释不同溶液中的沉淀与溶解过程,尤其是氟化物与氯化物的行为。本文提供了多个与地球化学原理相关的冶金学案例,论证了冶金学与地球化学之间的相似性和联系。

图片

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

参考文献

[ 1 ] Railsback LB. An Earth Scientist’s Periodic Table of the elements and their ions. Geology 2003;117(5):737–40. 链接1

[ 2 ] Ghadge SD, Velikokhatnyi OI, Datta MK, Shanthi PM, Tan S, Damodaran K, et al. Experimental and theoretical validation of high efficiency and robust electrocatalytic response of one-dimensional (1D) (Mn,Ir)O2:10F nanorods for the oxygen evolution reaction in PEM-based water electrolysis. ACS Catal 2019;9(3):2134–57. 链接1

[ 3 ] Schroeder PA, Erickson G. Kaolin: from ancient porcelains to nanocomposites. Elements 2014;10(3):177–82. 链接1

[ 4 ] Stam HJ. The neurosciences and the search for a unified psychology: the science and esthetics of a single framework. Front Psychol 2015;6:1–9. 链接1

[ 5 ] Fränzle S. Chemical elements in plants and soil: parameters controlling essentiality. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 2009. 链接1

[ 6 ] Deweese JE, Osheroff N. The use of divalent metal ions by type II topoisomerases. Metallomics 2010;2(7):450–9. 链接1

[ 7 ] Charalampopoulos VG, Papaioannou JC, Kakali G, Karayianni HS. Metalheptaiodide interactions in cyclomaltoheptaose (b-cyclodextrin) polyiodide complexes as detected via Raman spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2008;343 (3):489–500. 链接1

[ 8 ] Zhao Z, Cao C, Chen X, Huo G. Separation of macro amounts of tungsten and molybdenum by selective precipitation. Hydrometallurgy 2011;108 (3):229–32. 链接1

[ 9 ] Zhao Z, Gao L, Cao C, Li J, Chen X, Chen A. Separation of molybdenum from tungstate solution—scavenging thiomolybdate by copper compound. Metall Mater Trans B 2012;43(6):1284–9. 链接1

[10] Zhao Z, Zhang J, Chen X, Liu X, Li J, Zhang W. Separation of tungsten and molybdenum using macroporous resin: equilibrium adsorption for single and binary systems. Hydrometallurgy 2013;140:120–7. 链接1

[11] Olteanu AF, Dobre T, Panturu E, Radu AD, Akcil A. Experimental process analysis and mathematical modeling for selective gold leaching from slag through wet chlorination. Hydrometallurgy 2014;144–5(4):170–85. 链接1

[12] Shi S, Li S. ZLT chlorination process for extracting gold and silver. Gold 2010;31 (2):41–4. Chinese. 链接1

[13] Murphy PJ, Stevens G, Lagrange MS. The effects of temperature and pressure on gold–chloride speciation in hydrothermal fluids: a Raman spectroscopic study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 2000;64(3):479–94. 链接1

[14] Volkov AV, Prokofiev VY, Tyukova EE, Sidorov TA, Murashov KY, Sidorova NV, et al. New data for geology and geochemistry of the Rodion gold-quartz deposit, northeastern Russia. Geol Ore Deposits 2017;59(2):112–30. 链接1

[15] Pokrovski GS, Tagirov BR, Schott J, Bazarkina EF, Hazemann JL, Proux O. An in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of gold–chloride complexing in hydrothermal fluids. Chem Geol 2009;259(1):17–29. 链接1

[16] Keays RR, Lightfoot PC. Crustal sulfur is required to form magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits: evidence from chalcophile element signatures of Siberian and Deccan Trap basalts. Miner Depos 2010;45(3):241–57. 链接1

[17] Xiao FX, Cao D, Mao JW, Shen XN, Ren FZ. Role of trivalent antimony in the removal of As, Sb, and Bi impurities from copper electrolytes. JOM 2013;20 (1):9–16. 链接1

[18] Goldschmidt VM. The geochemical background of minor-element distribution. Soil Sci 1945;60(1):1–8. 链接1

[19] Goldschmidt VM. The principles of distribution of chemical elements in minerals and rocks. The seventh Hugo Müller Lecture, delivered before the Chemical Society on March 17th, 1937. J Chem Soc 1937:655–73. 链接1

[20] Pekov I, Kononkova NN, Agakhanov AA, Belakovsky DI, Kazantsev SS, Zubkova NV. Voloshinite, a new rubidium mica from granitic pegmatite of Voron’i Tundras, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geol Ore Deposits 2010;52 (7):591–8. 链接1

[21] Liu X, Chen X, He L, Zhao Z. Study on extraction of lithium from salt lake brine by membrane electrolysis. Desalination 2015;376:35–40. 链接1

[22] Yan Q, Li X, Wang Z, Wu X, Wang J, Guo H, et al. Extraction of lithium from lepidolite by sulfation roasting and water leaching. Int J Miner Process 2012;110–111:1–5. 链接1

[23] Yan Q, Li X, Yin Z, Wang Z, Guo H, Peng W, et al. A novel process for extracting lithium from lepidolite. Hydrometallurgy 2012;121:54–9. 链接1

[24] Yan QX, Li XH, Wang ZX, Wang JX, Guo HJ, Hu QY, et al. Extraction of lithium from lepidolite using chlorination roasting–water leaching process. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 2012;22(7):1753–9. 链接1

[25] Prakash S, Verma JP. Global perspective of potash for fertilizer production. In: Potassium solubilizing microorganisms for sustainable agriculture. Berlin: Springer; 2016. p. 327–31. 链接1

[26] Gupta CK, Saha S. Extractive metallurgy of beryllium. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev 2002;22(4–6):413–51. 链接1

[27] Van Vuuren D. Fundamental reactor design considerations for reducing TiCl4 metallothermically to produce Ti powder. Key Eng Mater 2012;520:101–10. 链接1

[28] Zhao Z, Liang Y, Li H. Kinetics of sodium hydroxide leaching of scheelite. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 2011;29(2):289–92. 链接1

[29] Ning P, Lin X, Cao H, Zhang Y. Selective extraction and deep separation of V(V) and Cr(VI) in the leaching solution of chromium-bearing vanadium slag with primary amine LK-N21. Separ Purif Tech 2014;137:109–15. 链接1

[30] Mazumder AK, Sharma T, Rao TC. Extraction of potassium from glauconitic sandstone by the roast-leach method. Int J Miner Process 1993;38(1):111–23. 链接1

[31] Krishnan T. Beryllium extraction and utilisation—prospects and constraints. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev 1994;13(1):53–67. 链接1

[32] Burkin A. Production of aluminium and alumina: critical reports on applied chemistry. New York: John Wiley; 1987. 链接1

[33] Gerdemann SJ. Titanium process technologies. Adv Mater Processes 2001;159:41–3. 链接1

[34] Wilhelm K, Inventor; Wilhelm K, assignee. Method for manufacturing titanium and alloys thereof. United States Patent US 2205854. 1940 Jun 25.

[35] Shannon RD. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr 2015;32(1– 2):751–67. 链接1

[36] Lin C, Liu Y. Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer Process and Calcining method for alumina refining. Chin J Geochem 2006;25:40. 链接1

[37] Grosjean C, Miranda PH, Perrin M, Poggi P. Assessment of world lithium resources and consequences of their geographic distribution on the expected development of the electric vehicle industry. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2012;16(3):1735–44. 链接1

[38] Kesler SE, Gruber PW, Medina PA, Keoleian GA, Everson MP, Wallinton TG. Global lithium resources: relative importance of pegmatite, brine and other deposits. Ore Geol Rev 2012;48:55–69. 链接1

[39] Zhao Z, Si X, Liu X, He L, Liang X. Li extraction from high Mg/Li ratio brine with LiFePO4/FePO4 as electrode materials. Hydrometallurgy 2013;133:75–83. 链接1

[40] Marchini F, Rubi D, Del Pozo M, Williams FJ. Surface chemistry and lithium-ion exchange in LiMn2O4 for the electrochemical selective extraction of LiCl from natural salt lake brines. J Phys Chem C 2016;120(29):15875–83. 链接1

[41] Bernal J. The Goldschmidt memorial lecture. J Chem Soc 1949:2108–14. 链接1

[42] Zhai D, Liu J, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, et al. Zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology, and whole–rock geochemistry of the Hashitu molybdenum deposit and host granitoids, Inner Mongolia. NE China. Asian J Earth Sci 2014;79:144–60. 链接1

[43] Zhang X. Handbook of ferroalloy. Shengyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Publication Group; 1996. Chinese. 链接1

[44] Zhang L, Li H, Zhang H, Liang J. Comprehensive utilization and prospect of blast furnace. Hot Working Technol 2018;47(19):20–4. 链接1

[45] Baker T, Junge H. Iron quality is a permanent hot topic. Angang Tech 2003;6:51–6. 链接1

[46] Ke GL. Deep purification and utilization of coke oven gas and converter gas. Mod Chem Ind 2015;35(7):1–3. 链接1

[47] Yang G, Gu C. Recycling technology of steelmaking slag in top-blowing converter. Jiugang Tech 2017;4:38–42. 链接1

[48] Zhang J. Improvement on the qualified rate of narrow converter steel components. China Metall 2014;24(1):26–8. 链接1

[49] Zhu Z, He J. Modern copper metallurgy. Beijing: Science Press; 2003. Chinese. 链接1

[50] Groshkova AL, Polulyakh LA, Travyanov AY, Dashevskii VY, Yusfin YS. Phosphorus distribution between phases in smelting high-carbon ferromanganese in the blast furnace. Steel Transl 2007;37(11):904–7. 链接1

[51] Hamano T, Tsukihashi F. The effect of B2O3 on dephosphorization of molten steel by FeOx–CaO–MgOsatd.–SiO2 slags at 1873 K. ISIJ Int 2005;45(2):159–65. 链接1

[52] Li G, Hamano T, Tsukihashi F. The effect of Na2O and Al2O3 on dephosphorization of molten steel by high basicity MgO saturated CaO– FeOx–SiO2 slag. ISIJ Int 2005;45(1):12–8. 链接1

[53] Taylor PR, Putra TAR. Pyrometallurgical processing technologies for treating high arsenic copper concentrates. China Nonferrous Metall 2014:197–211. 链接1

[54] Chen C, Zhang L, Jahanshahi S. Thermodynamic modeling of arsenic in copper smelting processes. Metall Mater Trans B 2010;41(6):1175–85. 链接1

[55] Montenegro V, Sano H, Fujisawa T. Recirculation of high arsenic content copper smelting dust to smelting and converting processes. Miner Eng 2013;49:184–9. 链接1

[56] Helz GR, Miller CV, Charnock JM, Mosselmans JFW, Pattrick RAD, Garner CD, et al. Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 1996;60 (19):3631–42. 链接1

[57] Mohajerin TJ, Helz GR, Johannesson KH. Tungsten–molybdenum fractionation in estuarine environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 2016;177:105–19. 链接1

[58] Dorfling C, Akdogan G, Bradshaw S, Eksteen JJ. Determination of the relative leaching kinetics of Cu, Rh, Ru, and Ir during the sulphuric acid pressure leaching of leach residue derived from Ni–Cu converter matte enriched in platinum group metals. Miner Eng 2011;24(6):583–9. 链接1

[59] Hua Y. Introduction of nonferrous metallurgy. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 2007. Chinese. 链接1

[60] He H, Cai Q. China nickel–cobalt metallurgy. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 2000. Chinese. 链接1

[61] Fuge R. On the behaviour of fluorine and chlorine during magmatic differentiation. Contrib Mineral Petrol 1977;61(3):245–9. 链接1

[62] Larson JW, McMahon TB. Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of Lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria. J Am Chem Soc 1985;107 (4):766–73. 链接1

[63] Pearson RG. Chemical hardness. Weinheim: Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH; 1997. 链接1

[64] Dean JA. Lange’s handbook of chemistry. Adv Manuf Processes 2010;5 (4):687–8. 链接1

[65] Turner D, Whitfield M, Dickson A. The equilibrium speciation of dissolved components in freshwater and sea water at 25 C and 1 atm pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 1981;45(6):855–81. 链接1

[66] Pearson RG. Hard and soft acids and bases, HSAB, part 1: fundamental principles. J Chem Educ 1968;45(9):581–7. 链接1

[67] Crerar D, Wood S, Brantley S, Bocarsly AB. Chemical controls on solubility of ore-forming minerals in hydrothermal solutions. Can Mineral 1985;23 (3):333–52. 链接1

[68] Smith J. Halogen and phosphorus storage in the Earth. Nature 1981;289 (5800):762–5. 链接1

[69] Wu X, Liu Z, Liu X. Chloride ion removal from zinc sulfate aqueous solution by electrochemical method. Hydrometallurgy 2013;134:62–5. 链接1

[70] Diaz M, Kelsall G, Welham N. Electrowinning coupled to gold leaching by electrogenerated chlorine: I. Au(III)–Au(I)/Au kinetics in aqueous Cl2/Cl electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem 1993;361(1–2):25–38. 链接1

[71] Marsden JO, House CI. The chemistry of gold extraction. Littleton: SME; 2006. 链接1

相关研究