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《工程(英文)》 >> 2020年 第6卷 第12期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.002

无溶剂气相制备用于可持续分离过程的膜材料

a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
b Institute of Zhejiang University–Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
c Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

收稿日期: 2019-05-03 修回日期: 2019-09-25 录用日期: 2020-05-07 发布日期: 2020-05-13

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摘要

可用于水净化、碳捕集、生物燃料生产、燃料电池运行以及节能工业分离操作的可持续化工过程亟待发展下一代膜材料。膜的无溶剂制备不仅消除了有机溶剂的潜在环境问题,而且解决了脆弱聚合物基材的膨胀问题。此外,采用无溶剂气相沉积方法可以减少合成微孔材料[如金属有机骨架(MOF)]所需的活化步骤。本文综述了几种真空沉积工艺,包括引发式化学气相沉积(iCVD)、引发式等离子体增强化学气相沉积(iPECVD)、无溶剂气相沉积原位聚合(SLIP)、原子层沉积(ALD) 和分子层沉积(MLD)。这些无溶剂气相沉积方法在制备薄膜复合膜结构中的超薄选择层方面极具优势,而且能够保形地修饰纳米级孔道并精确调节孔径和孔内官能团。所制备的膜在气体分离、 纳滤、海水淡化和水/油分离等方面表现出颇具应用潜力的性能。因此,开发新型膜材料、放大可用于无溶剂气相沉积的高通量反应器将对化学工业产生巨大影响。

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