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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第18卷 第11期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.014

随钻提高井壁质量、保护非常规油气储层水基钻完井液新技术

a State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
b China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266850, China

收稿日期: 2021-07-21 修回日期: 2021-10-11 录用日期: 2021-11-02 发布日期: 2021-12-23

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摘要

非常规油气的高效勘探开发已成为提高我国油气自给率的重要保障,但与常规油气和国外非常规油气相比,钻井中常遭遇的“井塌、井漏、高摩阻”和诱发的储层损害不仅影响成井率,更是“高成本、低产量与低效益”的重要原因。由特殊功能材料构成、可提高井壁质量的钻井液是解决这些难题的核心。但我国非常规油气储层条件具有复杂性、多变性和不确定性,国内外现有水基钻井液无法解决这些难题,油基钻井液虽具有一定优越性,但因环境污染风险和成本高等而使应用受限。近10 余年来,国内外热点研究具油基钻井液优点的水基钻井液,但都未取得突破性进展,其成为制约经济规模开发非常规油气的“共性与关键核心”重大技术难题。为此,本文由国际前沿仅提高钻井液自身抑制性和润滑性的外因法,拓展为同时随钻提高井壁质量的内外因结合法,并将仿生学引入石油工程化学材料合成领域,模仿海洋贻贝、猪笼草、蚯蚓等生物的生命活动、生物行为、组成与结构,利用研发的固壁剂、双疏抑制剂与键合润滑剂,研制了随钻提高井壁质量型保护储层钻完井液新技术。宏观和微观研究表明,该技术能减缓甚至阻止井壁岩石强度遭受破坏、岩石毛细管对水分的吸力反转为阻力、井壁高摩阻转变为超低摩阻,使水基钻井液的井壁稳定性、润滑性和储层保护效果超过典型油基钻井液;同时,废弃钻井液环境可接受,并可成为自然界植物的养分和生态循环系统中的一环,使其由环保型钻井液升级为生态型钻井液,实现了“成井率高、储层保护效果好、成本低、环境友好”一体化目标。该技术已在我国1000 余口高难度非常规油气井得到验证与推广应用,大幅缓减了“井塌、井漏、高摩阻”诱发的储层损害难题,平均井塌率减小82.6%、井漏发生率降低80.6%、摩阻复杂率降低80%以上、提速30%以上、油气井产量较以前提高1.5 倍以上。使原来必须使用油基钻井液方可完钻的井转变为水基钻井液完钻,已成为“规模、效益、环保”开发非常规油气资源行之有效的核心技术,并为保护储层技术开辟了新的研究方向,推动了石油工业与环境保护的协调发展;同时,本文通过向自然界学习成功建立了钻井液新技术,为石油工程原创性材料、技术与理论研发和创建提供了思想与灵感的不竭源泉。

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