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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第18卷 第11期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.016

非常规油气沉积学——研究非常规油气资源富集的“一把钥匙”

a Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100083, China
b National Energy Shale Gas Research and Development (Experiment) Center, Beijing 100083, China
c State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
d Department of Geology, Colorado College Colorado Springs, Colorado, CO 80903, USA
e School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
f Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
g College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
h State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
i China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
j Oil and Gas Research Center, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
k College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
l School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

收稿日期: 2022-02-10 修回日期: 2022-06-21 录用日期: 2022-06-24 发布日期: 2022-08-06

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摘要

过去近20 年,非常规油气资源(如页岩油/气、致密油/气)的商业化开采极大地改变了全球能源结构。非常规油气资源的“甜点区/段”(sweet-spot area/interval)通常由异常高有机质沉积或与其紧密伴生的(粉)细砂岩或碳酸盐岩等组成。非常规油气资源“甜点区/段”的形成主要受控于它们的沉积和成岩过程,是一定地质时期的构造活动、海/湖平面升降、气候变化、水体缺氧、火山活动、生物灭绝或辐射、重力流等全球或区域性地质事件沉积耦合的结果。异常高有机质泥页岩为烃类的生成提供了物质基础,而与其紧密伴生的(粉)细砂岩或碳酸盐岩为油气聚集提供了大量储集空间。本文以我国四川盆地奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组以及北美阿巴拉契亚盆地泥盆系马塞勒斯组和威利斯顿盆地泥盆系-石炭系巴肯组4 个典型非常规油气层系作为研究实例,结果表明:非常规油气“甜点区/段”的形成都受全球性或区域性重大地质事件的控制,它们的时空耦合为有机质的生产、保存和富集以及油气的生成、运移、成藏和开发创造有利的条件。非常规油气沉积学研究聚焦于富有机质泥页岩层系沉积时期重大地质事件及其相关的沉积耦合作用过程,是研究非常规油气“甜点区/段”形成与分布的“一把钥匙”。

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