《中国工程科学》 >> 2018年 第20卷 第6期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.06.007
铁路、水利与建筑工程领域颠覆性技术研究
1. 中国建筑股份有限公司技术中心,北京101300;
2. 中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038;
3.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100081
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摘要
历史上每次科技革命、工艺革命、能源革命,都伴随着颠覆性技术的出现,因此研究颠覆性技术对于各领域未来的发展方向具有重要的意义。本文分析了铁路、水利与建筑工程领域的发展方向和态势,认为铁路领域的发展方向为智能化发展和更高运行速度发展,水利领域的发展方向为人与自然和谐共生,建筑领域的发展方向为精益化、专业化、机械化、信息化、装配化、绿色化。在此基础上,研究总结了这三个领域的颠覆性技术,铁路领域的颠覆性技术包括智能高铁、低真空管道磁悬浮铁路;水利领域的颠覆性技术包括富自然功能协调流域建设技术、水利水电工程群多目标联合调度技术;建筑领域可能的颠覆性技术包括基于建筑信息模型(BIM)的智慧建造技术、工业化建造技术、3D打印技术、绿色建造技术。最后本文提出了未来发展的建议,以期为铁路、水利与建筑工程领域的研究与发展提供参考。
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