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《中国工程科学》 >> 2021年 第23卷 第3期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.009

循环流化床燃烧低污染排放技术研究展望

1. 清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京 100084;

2. 热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室,北京 100084

资助项目 :中国工程院咨询项目“循环流化床燃烧技术的发展前景” (2020-XY-10) 收稿日期: 2021-01-11 修回日期: 2021-03-21 发布日期: 2021-06-01

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摘要

在污染物排放标准日趋严格、 2060 年前实现碳中和的背景下,深度挖掘循环流化床(CFB)燃烧技术的低污染排放潜力,进一步提高 CFB 锅炉的市场竞争力,对于煤炭清洁高效利用、能源转型升级具有重要意义。本文在阐述 CFB 燃烧污染物排放特性的基础上,分析了主流 CFB 锅炉低污染排放技术及应用,结合我国能源发展战略和相关政策,提出了 CFB 燃烧在污染物排放控制技术方面的发展建议。研究认为,需大力开发炉内原始低排放 CFB 燃烧技术,在保证锅炉效率的前提下,通过流态重构、燃烧组织来突破 CFB 锅炉污染物排放极限。着眼于煤炭能源长远发展,支持与超临界 / 超超临界,智能运行,碳捕集、利用与封存,储能等技术高度结合的新一代超低排放 CFB 燃烧技术研发;加快对现存中小容量 CFB 锅炉的优化升级;发挥 CFB 燃烧燃料适应性广的优势,推广生物质燃烧发电,促进对低热值燃料、城市垃圾、各工业废弃物的低成本高效清洁消纳;挖掘 CFB 锅炉的深度调峰能力并保持低污染排放性能,提高运行灵活性及对新能源的消纳能力;加强 CFB 燃烧脱硫灰渣的综合利用,关注 N2O 排放问题。还需从全局角度合理制定污染物排放标准和相关政策,引导包括 CFB 燃烧在内的能源行业健康发展。

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