期刊首页 优先出版 当期阅读 过刊浏览 作者中心 关于期刊 English

《中国工程科学》 >> 2021年 第23卷 第6期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.017

全国建筑物遥感监测与分布式光伏建设潜力分析

1. 自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心,北京 100048;

2. 中国矿业大学,江苏徐州 221116;

3. 北京国测星绘信息技术有限公司,北京 100040

资助项目 :中国工程院咨询项目“我国碳达峰、碳中和战略及路径研究”(2021-HYZD-16) 收稿日期: 2021-10-08 修回日期: 2021-11-15 发布日期: 2021-12-09

下一篇 上一篇

摘要

作为典型的清洁能源类型之一,分布式光伏具有投资小、建设快等特点,可以有效解决能源短缺的农村地区和负荷密度高的工业区用电问题。建筑物屋顶是分布式光伏设施建设的重要载体,建筑物的数量直接关系着分布式光伏的建设潜力,因而监测和分析全国建筑的空间分布对分布式光伏的规划建设具有重要价值。本文以 2 m 分辨率国产高分卫星遥感影像为数据源,利用深度学习技术提取了全国范围的建筑区,典型区域建筑占比系数表征全国不同区域的建筑屋顶面积;分析全国建筑屋顶的空间特征,研究分布式光伏的建设潜力分布格局,结合人口空间分布提出了分布式光伏的建设路径建议。研究表明,遥感提取建筑物技术精度达到 81.63%,能够满足后续分析的数据需求;全国约 1.4×104 km2 的建筑屋顶有潜力建设分布式光伏。按照分布式光伏就地建设、就地使用原则,各省份可分为四个梯队,从东部人口稠密且分布式光伏建设潜力大的区域开始建设,分级分步推进全国的分布式光伏建设实施;建立基于卫星遥感的全国分布式光伏建设动态监测机制,为分布式光伏建设规划路径的动态更新提供支撑。

图片

图 1

图 2

图 3

图 4

图 5

图 6

图 7

参考文献

[ 1 ] 魏文栋. 能源革命:实现碳达峰和碳中和的必由之路 [J]. 探索 与争鸣, 2021 (9): 23–25. Wei W D. Energy revolution: The only way to achieve emission peak and carbon neutrality [J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021 (9): 23–25.
Wei W D. Energy revolution: The only way to achieve emission peak and carbon neutrality [J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021 (9): 23–25. Chinese. 链接1

[ 2 ] 林卫斌, 吴嘉仪. 碳中和愿景下中国能源转型的三大趋势 [J]. 价 格理论与实践, 2021 (7): 21–23. Lin W B, Wu J Y. Three trends for China’s energy transition under the carbon neutrality vision [J]. Price: Theory & Practice, 2021 (7): 21–23.
Lin W B, Wu J Y. Three trends for China’s energy transition under the carbon neutrality vision [J]. Price: Theory & Practice, 2021 (7): 21–23. Chinese. 链接1

[ 3 ] 李十中. 推动新能源革命促进实现碳中和目标 [J]. 学术前沿, 2021 (14): 42–51. Li S Z. Promoting the new energy revolution and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality [J]. Frontiers, 2021 (14): 42–51.
Li S Z. Promoting the new energy revolution and achieving the goal of carbon neutrality [J]. Frontiers, 2021 (14): 42–51. Chinese. 链接1

[ 4 ] 黄震, 谢晓敏. 碳中和愿景下的能源变革 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(9): 1010–1018. Huang Z, Xie X M. Energy revolution under vision of carbon neutrality [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(9): 1010–1018.
Huang Z, Xie X M. Energy revolution under vision of carbon neutrality [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(9): 1010–1018. Chinese. 链接1

[ 5 ] 高林, 郑雅文, 杨东泰, 等. 构建碳中和电力系统——碳中和公 式 [J]. 科学通报, 2021, 66(31): 1–5. Gao L, Zheng Y W, Yang D T, et al. Criterial equation of carbon neutrality for power systems [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(31): 1–5.
Gao L, Zheng Y W, Yang D T, et al. Criterial equation of carbon neutrality for power systems [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(31): 1–5. Chinese. 链接1

[ 6 ] 张鸿宇, 黄晓丹, 张达, 等. 加速能源转型的经济社会效益评估 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(9): 1039–1048. Zhang H Y, Huang X D, Zhang D, et al. Evaluating economic and social benefits of accelerated energy transition [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(9): 1039–1048.
Zhang H Y, Huang X D, Zhang D, et al. Evaluating economic and social benefits of accelerated energy transition [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(9): 1039–1048. Chinese. 链接1

[ 7 ] 徐伟, 王雪, 孙维娜, 等. 太阳能建筑能效研究国外综述 [J]. 智 能建筑与智慧城市, 2020 (11): 43–44. Xu W, Wang X, Sun W N, et al. Review on energy efficiency of solar energy buildings abroad [J]. Intelligent Building & Smart City, 2020 (11): 43–44.
Xu W, Wang X, Sun W N, et al. Review on energy efficiency of solar energy buildings abroad [J]. Intelligent Building & Smart City, 2020 (11): 43–44. Chinese. 链接1

[ 8 ] 张乾, 辛晓洲, 张海龙, 等. 基于遥感数据和多因子评价的中国 地区建设光伏电站的适宜性分析 [J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(1): 119–127. Zhang Q, Xin X Z, Zhang H L, et al. Suitability analysis of photovoltaic power plants in China using remote sensing data and multi-criteria evaluation [J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018, 20(1): 119–127.
Zhang Q, Xin X Z, Zhang H L, et al. Suitability analysis of photovoltaic power plants in China using remote sensing data and multi-criteria evaluation [J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2018, 20(1): 119–127. Chinese. 链接1

[ 9 ] 王钧, 陈明媛, 冯冠华, 等. 太阳能光伏系统建筑应用技术适宜 性探研与典例分析 [J]. 建筑节能, 2021, 49(8): 91–96. Wang J, Chen M Y, Feng G H, et al. Technical applicability of solar photovoltaic system used in building and typical case analysis [J]. Building Energy Efficiency, 2021, 49(8): 91–96.
Wang J, Chen M Y, Feng G H, et al. Technical applicability of solar photovoltaic system used in building and typical case analysis [J]. Building Energy Efficiency, 2021, 49(8): 91–96. Chinese. 链接1

[10] 姚春妮, 马欣伯, 罗多. 碳达峰目标下太阳能光电建筑应用发展 规模预测研究 [J]. 建设科技, 2021 (11): 33–35. Yao C N, Ma X B, Luo D. Prediction research on mid- and longterm development goals of solar photovoltaic application in buildings under carbon peak target [J]. Construction Science and Technology, 2021 (11): 33–35.
Yao C N, Ma X B, Luo D. Prediction research on mid- and long-term development goals of solar photovoltaic application in buildings under carbon peak target [J]. Construction Science and Technology, 2021 (11): 33–35. Chinese. 链接1

[11] 苏翠霞, 邢艳艳, 林奕, 等. 我国建筑屋顶光伏应用潜力分析 [J]. 浙江建筑, 2021, 38(3): 59–60. Su C X, Xing Y Y, Lin Y, et al. Analysis on photovoltaic application potential of building roofing in China [J]. Zhejiang Construction, 2021, 38(3): 59–60.
Su C X, Xing Y Y, Lin Y, et al. Analysis on photovoltaic application potential of building roofing in China [J]. Zhejiang Construction, 2021, 38(3): 59–60. Chinese. 链接1

[12] 王思琪, 李铮伟, 王海, 等. 新供给模式下城市建筑屋顶光伏发 电的利用潜力分析 [J]. 太阳能, 2021 (6): 11–17. Wang S Q, Li Z W, Wang H, et al. Analysis on PV power generation utilization potential of urban building rooftop under new supply mode [J]. Solar Energy, 2021 (6): 11–17.
Wang S Q, Li Z W, Wang H, et al. Analysis on PV power generation utilization potential of urban building rooftop under new supply mode [J]. Solar Energy, 2021 (6): 11–17. Chinese. 链接1

[13] 朱俊杰, 范湘涛, 邵芸. 高分辨率SAR与光学图像融合用于建筑 物屋顶提取 [J]. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 2006 (2): 178–185. Zhu J J, Fan X T, Shao Y. Building’s roof extraction by fusing high-resolution SAR with optical images [J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006 (2): 178–185.
Zhu J J, Fan X T, Shao Y. Building’s roof extraction by fusing high-resolution SAR with optical images [J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006 (2): 178–185. Chinese. 链接1

[14] 谭衢霖. 高分辨率多光谱影像城区建筑物提取研究 [J]. 测绘学 报, 2010, 39(6): 618–623. Tan Q L. Urban building extraction from VHR multi-spectral images using object-based classification [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2010, 39(6): 618–623.
Tan Q L. Urban building extraction from VHR multi-spectral images using object-based classification [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2010, 39(6): 618–623. Chinese. 链接1

[15] 李亮, 王成, 李世华, 等. 基于机载LiDAR数据的建筑屋顶点云 提取方法 [J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2016, 33(4): 537–541. Li L, Wang C, Li S H, et al. Building roof point extraction based on airborne LiDAR data [J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 33(4): 537–541.
Li L, Wang C, Li S H, et al. Building roof point extraction based on airborne LiDAR data [J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016, 33(4): 537–541. Chinese. 链接1

[16] 赵传, 张保明, 陈小卫, 等. 一种利用点云邻域信息的建筑物 屋顶面高精度自动提取方法 [J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(9): 1123– 1134. Zhao C, Zhang B M, Chen X W, et al. Accurate and automatic building roof extraction using neighborhood information of point clouds [J]. Acta Geodaeticaet Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(9): 1123–1134.
Zhao C, Zhang B M, Chen X W, et al. Accurate and automatic building roof extraction using neighborhood information of point clouds [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(9): 1123–1134. Chinese. 链接1

[17] 徐佳伟, 刘伟, 单浩宇, 等. 基于PRCUnet的高分遥感影像建筑 物提取 [J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(10): 1838–1849. Xu J W, Liu W, Shan H Y, et al. High-resolution remote sensing image building extraction based on PRCUnet [J]. Journal of Geoinformation Science, 2021, 23(10): 1838–1849.
Xu J W, Liu W, Shan H Y, et al. High-resolution remote sensing image building extraction based on PRCUnet [J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021, 23(10): 1838–1849. Chinese. 链接1

[18] 卢彻, 徐胜华, 朱军. 改进U-Net的高分影像建筑物提取方法 [EB/OL]. (2021-09-23)[2021-10-15]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/ detail/11.4415.P.20210922.1137.002.html. Lu C, Xu S H, Zhu J. Building extraction from high resolution remote sensing image based on improved U-Net model [EB/ OL]. (2021-09-23)[2021-10-15]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/ detail/11.4415.P.20210922.1137.002.html.
Lu C, Xu S H, Zhu J. Building extraction from high resolution remote sensing image based on improved U-Net model [EB/OL]. (2021-09-23)[2021-10-15]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4415.P.20210922.1137.002.html. Chinese. 链接1

[19] 刘德祥, 张海荣, 承达瑜, 等. 融合注意力机制的建筑物提取方 法 [J]. 遥感信息, 2021, 36(4): 119–124. Liu D X, Zhang H R, Cheng D Y, et al. A Building extraction method combined attention mechanism [J]. Remote Sensing Information, 2021, 36(4): 119–124.
Liu D X, Zhang H R, Cheng D Y, et al. A Building extraction method combined attention mechanism [J]. Remote Sensing Information, 2021, 36(4): 119–124. Chinese. 链接1

[20] 吴开顺, 郑道远, 陈妍伶, 等. 中国典型城市建筑物实例数据集 [J]. 中国科学数据(中英文网络版), 2021, 6(1): 182–190. Wu K S, Zheng D Y, Chen Y L, et al. A dataset of building instances of typical cities in China [J]. China Scientific Data, 2021, 6(1): 182–190.
Wu K S, Zheng D Y, Chen Y L, et al. A dataset of building instances of typical cities in China [J]. China Scientific Data, 2021, 6(1): 182–190. Chinese. 链接1

相关研究