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《中国工程科学》 >> 2022年 第24卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.002

面向 2050 年我国农业发展愿景与对策研究

1. 北京大学中国农业政策研究中心,北京 100871;

2. 北京理工大学管理与经济学院,北京 100081;

3. 中国工程院战略咨询中心,北京 100088;

4. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081

资助项目 :中国工程院咨询项目“中国农业发展战略研究 2050” (2018-ZD-07) 收稿日期: 2021-11-25 修回日期: 2021-12-21 发布日期: 2022-01-24

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摘要

我国要达到全体国民的共同富裕,必须实现农业与工业及服务业劳动生产率的趋同,而目前农业劳动生产率尚不到工业服务业的1/3。本文在分析农业发展形势的基础上认为,为了保障国家粮食安全,农业应通过内部分工来大幅提升劳动生产率;养殖业应向规模化、现代化转变,种植业需向“二八格局”转变(即20% 的大农生产80% 的农产品并贡献20% 的增加值、80% 的小农生产20% 的农产品并贡献80% 的增加值),大农主要生产粮食等大宗农产品以保障粮食安全,小农主要发展高值农业以保障收入增长。这既是未来我国农业发展的必然趋势,也是符合国情的理想愿景。鉴于提升农业劳动生产率、加快农业转型任务的艰巨性,管理部门应适时进行重大战略部署,出台对应保障与激励措施;尤其需要建成针对大农与小农的政策支持体系、加快城乡融合发展进程、健全土地流转市场,完善创新型农业科技、人才培育体系,建立适应农业全面现代化要求的组织保障体系。

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