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《中国工程科学》 >> 2022年 第24卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.01.014

虚拟水流视角下西北地区农业水资源安全格局与调控

1. 河海大学水文水资源学院,南京 210098;

2. 西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安 710048;

3. 华北水利水电大学水资源学院,郑州 450046

资助项目 :中国工程院咨询项目“我国西北‘水三线’空间格局与生态 – 经济协同配置战略” (2020-XZ-14) 收稿日期: 2021-08-12 修回日期: 2021-10-07 发布日期: 2022-02-22

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摘要

西北地区在我国经济建设、社会稳定、国土安全方面都具有极其重要的战略地位,但水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱,当地经济发展与居民生活质量改善受制于稀缺的水资源。本文基于水足迹和虚拟水视角,分析了西北地区2000—2018 年农业生产和贸易特征,以此明确虚拟水流动对当地水资源的影响。研究数据表明,2000—2018 年西北地区农作物生产水足迹呈波动上升趋势;虚拟水流出规模随着水果、棉花输出量的增大而逐渐增加,2018 年水果、棉花的虚拟水输出量为3.212×1011 m3,占到作物生产水足迹总量的69.8 %;黄河流域是西北地区虚拟水的主要流入区,“奇策线”西北部是西北地区虚拟水的主要流出区。鉴于西北地区水资源严重短缺,而水果、棉花种植更多用于贸易以期带动经济的现状,优化作物种植和虚拟水贸易结构并与跨流域调水相结合,是实现实体水– 虚拟水循环调控、缓解水资源供需矛盾、保障区域水安全的关键措施。

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