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《中国工程科学》 >> 2022年 第24卷 第5期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.007

流域水土环境污染跨介质治理策略

1. 北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875;

2. 水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875

资助项目 :国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0605001);中国工程院咨询项目“我国流域水污染防治战略的河长制建设研究”(2019-XZ-23);国家自然科学基金项目(52039001) 收稿日期: 2022-06-15 修回日期: 2022-08-10 发布日期: 2022-10-08

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摘要

污染物在流域水土环境中存在复杂的源汇关系,在水土环境中的转化作用主要受控于各种水‒ 土界面过程,为此,水土环境污染治理需将水土环境作为一个整体,通过跨介质归因识别找到真正的污染源,然后进行跨介质治理。本文首先分析了污染物在流域水土环境中的跨水‒ 土介质迁移过程以及主要影响因素,在此基础上提出了流域水土环境跨介质调控原理及关键过程,主要包括流域水土环境污染跨介质归因识别和流域水土环境污染跨介质治理。同时,重点阐述了污染物在河道外的土壤‒ 水界面、坡面‒ 河道界面,河道内的水‒ 沉积物界面(包括河床潜流带和侧向岸边潜流带的水‒固界面)和水‒ 悬浮颗粒物界面过程在跨介质去除中的重要作用,并采用实际案例阐述了流域非点源污染物的跨介质控制、河流含氮化合物的跨介质去除以及湖泊氮磷的跨介质去除方法等。研究结果可为流域水土环境污染防治提供科学依据。

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