《中国工程科学》 >> 2022年 第24卷 第5期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.012
华北地区生态保护与恢复的水资源效应研究
1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085;
2. 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085;
3. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049;
4. 南京水利科学研究院,南京210029;
5. 水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029
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摘要
近年来,华北地区实施了一系列生态保护与恢复工程,植被生态状况发生了显著变化;探究区域植被恢复对水循环过程及水资源供需平衡的影响,对于完善生态恢复策略、实现区域水资源可持续利用十分重要。本文采用皮尔逊相关系数和莫兰指数,结合多源水参量数据进行综合性分析,阐释了植被和不同水参量的时空变化情况,甄别了植被保育与恢复下的水资源变化响应,进而探讨了华北地区水资源与植被恢复的权衡关系。研究结果表明,华北地区的生态保护与恢复工程成效显著,植被净初级生产力的增速约为恢复工程区外的2.3 倍;植被的扩张与蒸散量表现出空间与时间上的强相关性;植被恢复引起的蒸散量提高是引起水储量赤字或显著降低的主要原因。为此建议,华北地区可完善生态恢复策略,在植被保育与恢复过程中考虑水资源的限制作用;以自然恢复方式为主,促进生态恢复的可持续性、水资源的可利用性。
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