《中国工程科学》 >> 2023年 第25卷 第4期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.023
水产育种生物技术发展战略研究
1. 海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东青岛 266071;
2. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛 266071;
3. 中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉 430072;
4. 西南大学生命科学学院,重庆 400715;5. 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛 266003;
6. 中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛 266071;7. 中国水产科学研究院,北京 100141;
8. 湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙 410081
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摘要
生物技术是水产种业可持续发展的核心驱动力,全面提升水产育种生物技术创新能力并实现种源自主可控,对于保障国家食品安全具有重要意义。本文梳理了我国水产育种的发展现状和存在的问题,总结了国内外水产行业在转基因育种、倍性育种、分子标记辅助育种、基因组选择育种、基因组编辑育种、分子设计育种、生殖干细胞移植等生物技术方向的研究进展与应用情况,进一步分析了相关技术方向上的未来研发需求。研究提出了未来水产育种生物技术的发展目标,包括水产生物优异种质资源收集、保存与精准鉴定,重要性状遗传基础与调控机制深度解析,高效精准育种技术创建,突破性新品种创制在内的重点任务。研究建议,优化水产种业发展政策、推动水产育种技术创新、建立水产良种创制与转化平台、设立专门项目推动技术创新和种业发展,以此推动我国由水产种业大国向水产种业强国的深刻转变。
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