Eco-friendly materials have attracted extensive research interests in optoelectronics, including field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and sensors, just as renewable energy tries to replace conventional fossil fuel-based materials due to the sustainability and biodegradable properties. Now, the integration of sustainable materials with electronics not only improves the economic benefits of the wasted natural resources but also conserves the environment. The review covers the sustainable materials derived from nature, applied to passive and active components of organic optoelectronic devices, such as substrates, insulators, semiconductors, and conductors. We hope this will stimulate much interest in potential and practical applications for a green and sustainable industry.