Cyberspace security comprises the security issues that affect electromagnetic devices, electronic information systems, operating data, and system applications in cyberspace. Information communication systems that require cyberspace security include the Internet, telecommunication networks, broadcast networks, the Internet of Things, industrial networks, online social networks, communication systems, and controlling systems. These systems and the data running on them must be prevented from damage; in addition, abuse of these systems must be prevented in order to ensure political, economic, cultural, social, and national security. In response to the risk of cyberattack, comprehensive approaches that include legislation, management, technology, and restraint should be adopted to ensure confidentiality, availability, identification, and controllability in cyberspace.
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