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Optimal production strategy for auto manufacturers with government subsidies in competitive environments

Frontiers of Engineering Management doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0261-5

Abstract: Using the Hotelling model and evolutionary game theory, this paper studies the optimal production strategy of duopoly auto manufacturers and explores the impacts of two government policies (manufacturer and consumer subsidies) on strategies related to the production of electric vehicles (EVs) or fuel vehicles (FVs). The study finds that consumers’ environmental preferences have direct effects on manufacturers’ market shares and profits, which in turn, affect the manufacturers’ production strategy selection. Specifically, when consumer environmental preference is sufficiently high, both auto manufacturers will eventually choose to produce EVs; when it is moderate, only one with a cost advantage will choose to produce EVs. Finally, when it is low, neither auto manufacturer will produce EVs. The findings further reveal that the more significant the difference in EV production costs is, the more inclined auto manufacturers are to choose a different final stable strategy. Regardless of whether the government subsidizes manufacturers or consumers, the policy only works if subsidies reach a certain threshold. The study also identifies the conditions under which government subsidies are considered more cost-effective.

Keywords： supply chain management low-carbon emission electric vehicle subsidy evolutionary game theory

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Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

Ting Chen, Yingying Zhao, Xiaopeng Qiu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaojie Liu, Jun Yin, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1325-y

Abstract: Abstract • Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.

Keywords： Recycling economics Cost-benefit Food waste treatment Subsidy Food waste economy Circular economy

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Analysis of Foreign Classical Policy Tools for Strategic Emerging Industries—Government Procurement and Subsidy

Xu Guannan, Wang Xiuqin, Pan Meijuan, Zhou Yuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages 113-120 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.017

Abstract:

At present, the strategic emerging industry has become the key to upgrading a country's industrial structure and to winning a priority of economic development. Various countries start to consider the development of emerging industries as a national level strategy and apply a portfolio of policy tools to promote the development of emerging industries. Therefore, research of the important measures adopted by other countries in promoting the development of emerging industries offers important reference for China to carry out relevant policies. This paper mainly analyzes two classical policy tools adopted by developed countries, including government procurement and government subsidiary, so as to provide reference for China to cultivate and develop its strategic emerging industries.

Keywords： emerging industry policy tools government procurement government subsidiary industrial policy analysis