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A Prospect on Research and Application of Natural Toxins

Chen Yisheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 16-19

Abstract:

Toxins are biogenic chemical substances with meaningful value.in recent decades, the advances in which are pushing effect on chemical biology, chemical ecology, biogenicsyntheses, life science, environment science and medicine.

Keywords： natural toxins     diversity in natural toxins     control of biological toxicosis     biogenic syntheses     chemical    

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Shape/size controlling syntheses, properties and applications of two-dimensional noble metal nanocrystals

Baozhen An,Mingjie Li,Jialin Wang,Chaoxu Li

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 360-382 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1576-0

Abstract: Two dimensional (2D) nanocrystals of noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt) often have unique structural and environmental properties which make them useful for applications in electronics, optics, sensors and biomedicines. In recent years, there has been a focus on discovering the fundamental mechanisms which govern the synthesis of the diverse geometries of these 2D metal nanocrystals (e.g., shapes, thickness, and lateral sizes). This has resulted in being able to better control the properties of these 2D structures for specific applications. In this review, a brief historical survey of the intrinsic anisotropic properties and quantum size effects of 2D noble metal nanocrystals is given and then a summary of synthetic approaches to control their shapes and sizes is presented. The unique properties and fascinating applications of these nanocrystals are also discussed.

Keywords： two-dimension     noble metal     nanocrystal     surface plasmon     controllable synthesis    

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Energetic Materials: Novel Syntheses and Diagnostics

Sheng-Nian Luo, Michael Gozin

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 9,   Pages 974-975 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.002

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The kinetic study of light alkene syntheses by CO 2 hydrogenation over Fe-Ni catalysts

Yaling ZHAO, Li WANG, Xiwei HAO, Jiazhou WU,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 153-162 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0241-2

Abstract: A kinetics model of CO hydrogenation over iron-nickel catalysts was developed based on the detailed mechanism of alkenes re-adsorption and secondary reaction. The corresponding kinetical experiments are conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor. The effect of reaction conditions on catalyst performance was analyzed according to the results of orthogonal experiments. The results of the experiments show that more methane in products can be obtained with iron-nickel catalysts, the trend of which is consistent with the thermodynamic analysis. However, the content of alkenes in products is equivalent with that of alkanes. This shows that the reaction is controlled by kinetics. In all, the results of the experiments also substantiate that the model can give a good representation of the reaction mechanism of CO hydrogenation over iron-nickel catalysts. The parameters of this model give a better explanation for the question why the iron-nickel catalysts have a higher selectivity toward alkenes compared with other iron-based catalysts.

Keywords： representation     corresponding     orthogonal     thermodynamic     consistent    

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Vacuum promotes metabolic shifts and increases biogenic hydrogen production in dark fermentation systems

Haifa RAJHI,Daniel PUYOL,Mirna C. MARTÍNEZ,Emiliano E. DÍAZ,José L. SANZ

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 513-521 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0777-y

Abstract: Interestingly, vacuum greatly promoted biogenic hydrogen production from a real wastewater, which opens

Keywords： dark fermentation     biohydrogen     wastewaters     vacuum    

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Pretreatment as a Microplastics Generator during Household Biogenic Waste Treatment Article

Tian Hu, Fan Lü, Zhan Yang, Zhenchao Shi, Yicheng Yang, Hua Zhang, Pinjing He

Engineering 2024, Volume 32, Issue 1,   Pages 116-126 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.010

Abstract: indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenicFurthermore, depackaging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative

Keywords： Microplastics     Plastic debris     Household biogenic waste     Depackage     Pretreatment    

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Biogenic palladium prepared by activated sludge microbes for the hexavalent chromium catalytic reduction

Luman Zhou, Chengyang Wu, Yuwei Xie, Siqing Xia

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1206-4

Abstract: • Pd nanoparticles could be reduced and supported by activated sludge microbes. • The effect of biomass on Pd adsorption by microbes is greater than Pd reduction. • More biomass reduces Pd particle size, which is more dispersed on the cell surface. • When the biomass/Pd add to 6, the catalytic reduction rate of Cr(VI) reaches stable. Palladium, a kind of platinum group metal, owns catalytic capacity for a variety of hydrogenations. In this study, Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) were generated through enzymatic recovery by microbes of activated sludge at various biomass/Pd, and further used for the Cr(VI) reduction. The results show that biomass had a strong adsorption capacity for Pd(II), which was 17.25 mg Pd/g sludge. The XRD and TEM-EDX results confirmed the existence of PdNPs associated with microbes (bio-Pd). The increase of biomass had little effect on the reduction rate of Pd(II), but it could cause decreasing particle size and shifting location of Pd(0) with the better dispersion degree on the cell surface. In the Cr(VI) reduction experiments, Cr(VI) was first adsorbed on bio-Pd with hydrogen and then reduced using active hydrogen as electron donor. Biomass improved the catalytic activity of PdNPs. When the biomass/Pd (w/w) ratio increased to six or higher, Cr(VI) reduction achieved maximum rate that 50 mg/L of Cr(VI) could be rapidly reduced in one minute.

Keywords： Palladium nanoparticles     Activated sludge     Hexavalent chromium    

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The Practice of Meta-synthesis——The Research Method Summarization of “Developing Strategies of Chinese Manned Space Program”

Qian Zhenye,Yang Guangyao,Wei Desen,Cheng Lingzhu

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 12,   Pages 10-15

Abstract: The research was guided by the systematic methodology “meta-syntheses from qualitative hypotheses

Keywords： decision-making research     meta-syntheses     spacecraft program    

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High Sn-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review Review

Jun Jin, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo Wang, Casimir C. Akoh

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 424-431 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.009

Abstract:

The normal development and maintenance of central neural functions are highly correlated with the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; ω-3 fatty acid) accumulated in the brain. DHA incorporated at the sn-2 position of lipids is well absorbed by intestinal mucosa and utilized efficiently in vivo. However, modern consumers have a reduced direct intake of DHA and increased intake of saturated fats or ω-6 fatty acid oils, resulting in behavioral and neurophysiological deficits. To provide an understanding of the integrated beneficial effects of DHA on the human brain, this review introduces the positional difference (sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions) of DHA on a glycerol skeleton in natural fats and oils, and further discusses the possible functional mechanism regarding DHA supplementation and the gut-brain axis. The multiple bidirectional routes in this axis offer a novel insight into the interaction between DHA supplementation, the gut microbiota, and brain health. To achieve high sn-2 DHA in diets, it is suggested that sn-2 DHA lipids be enzymatically produced in more efficient and economical ways by improving the specific activities of lipases and optimizing the purification procedures. These types of diets will benefit individuals with strong needs for sn-2 ω-3 lipids such as infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women.

Keywords： Docosahexaenoic acid， Sn-2 docosahexaenoic acid，Monoacylglycerol，Brain，Gut-brain axis，Structured lipid    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A Prospect on Research and Application of Natural Toxins

Chen Yisheng

Journal Article

Shape/size controlling syntheses, properties and applications of two-dimensional noble metal nanocrystals

Baozhen An,Mingjie Li,Jialin Wang,Chaoxu Li

Journal Article

Energetic Materials: Novel Syntheses and Diagnostics

Sheng-Nian Luo, Michael Gozin

Journal Article

The kinetic study of light alkene syntheses by CO 2 hydrogenation over Fe-Ni catalysts

Yaling ZHAO, Li WANG, Xiwei HAO, Jiazhou WU,

Journal Article

Vacuum promotes metabolic shifts and increases biogenic hydrogen production in dark fermentation systems

Haifa RAJHI,Daniel PUYOL,Mirna C. MARTÍNEZ,Emiliano E. DÍAZ,José L. SANZ

Journal Article

Pretreatment as a Microplastics Generator during Household Biogenic Waste Treatment

Tian Hu, Fan Lü, Zhan Yang, Zhenchao Shi, Yicheng Yang, Hua Zhang, Pinjing He

Journal Article

Biogenic palladium prepared by activated sludge microbes for the hexavalent chromium catalytic reduction

Luman Zhou, Chengyang Wu, Yuwei Xie, Siqing Xia

Journal Article

The Practice of Meta-synthesis——The Research Method Summarization of “Developing Strategies of Chinese Manned Space Program”

Qian Zhenye,Yang Guangyao,Wei Desen,Cheng Lingzhu

Journal Article

High Sn-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review

Jun Jin, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo Wang, Casimir C. Akoh

Journal Article