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Current situation and challenge of registry in China

Yang Zhang,Yuji Feng,Zhi Qu,Yali Qi,Siyan Zhan

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 294-299 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0355-x

Abstract:

Increasing emphasis has been placed on registries for an organized system used in developing clinical research to improve health care. China has sufficient data that can be applied broadly, but the heterogeneity and irregularity of registries limit their applicability. This article aims to describe the status of registries in China and the related challenges. Patient registries for observational studies were retrieved from the International Clinical Trials Registry to quantitatively evaluate the number of comparatively high-quality registries in China. A literature search was also performed to provide support and updates. A total of 64 patient registries were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov using disease, product, and health service as criteria. The sample sizes ranged from 15 to 30 400, with only 12 registries marked as completed. This article describes and compares the detailed information in many aspects. The efficient use of registries has already made considerable progress in China; however, registries still require standardization, high-quality transition, and coordinated development.

Keywords： observational study Chinese registry study patient registries

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Current challenge and perspective of PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Gang WU

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 286-298 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0477-3

Abstract: The challenge thus has been their stability under acidic conditions, which has hindered their use for

Keywords： oxygen reduction fuel cells cathode nonprecious metal catalysts carbon nanocomposites

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The Progress and Grand Challenge of Urbanization in China Views & Comments

Xu Kuangdi

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 26-28 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.029

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An old issue and a new challenge for nuclear reactor safety

F. D’AURIA

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, Pages 854-859 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0729-0

Abstract: Nuclear reactor safety (NRS) and the branch accident analysis (AA) constitute proven technologies: these are based on, among the other things, long lasting research and operational experience in the area of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR). Large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been, so far, the orienting scenario within AA and a basis for the design of reactors. An incomplete vision for those technologies during the last few years is as follows: Progress in fundamentals was stagnant, namely in those countries where the WCNR were designed. Weaknesses became evident, noticeably in relation to nuclear fuel under high burn-up. Best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) techniques were perfected and available for application. Electronic and informatics systems were in extensive use and their impact in case of accident becomes more and more un-checked (however, quite irrelevant in case of LBLOCA). The time delay between technological discoveries and applications was becoming longer. The present paper deals with the LBLOCA that is inserted into the above context. Key conclusion is that regulations need suitable modification, rather than lowering the importance and the role of LBLOCA. Moreover, strengths of emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and containment need a tight link.

Keywords： large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) nuclear reactor safety (NRS) licensing perspectives basis for design of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR)

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Strategic Project Management to Use the Grand Challenge Scholars Program to Address Urban Infrastructure

David A. Wyrick,Warren Myers

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 203-205 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016046

Abstract: Throughout the world, infrastructure to support cities is critical to support sustainable and responsible economic development. This can include new infrastructure projects in the case of growing areas. It can also include the renewal and upgrading of existing infrastructure in areas that have been inhabited and already developed. Infrastructure includes roads, bridges and transportation systems; power grids and energy service; internet and telecommunications; and water and sewer services. This development can be part of a system of systems, in which government, industries, and universities can contribute knowledge, skills, and abilities. This paper will investigate the strategic project management taken by one university to provide an academic experience that will prepare engineering students to address several of the Grand Engineering Challenges of the 21st Century, as identified by the US National Academy of Engineering. The challenges relating to energy, water, information, and urban infrastructure can be approached using the functions of teaching, research, and service. By approaching the challenges strategically, resources of faculty time, student effort and laboratory facilities can be leveraged to achieve greater results. This case study will describe the efforts and results to date and identify opportunities for future growth.

Keywords： Grand Challenges urban infrastructure development engineering management system of systems strategic management engineering management case study

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Molecular targeted therapy of gynecological malignant tumors: the development and challenge, from laboratory

Pengming SUN PhD, MD , Jalid SEHOULI PhD, MD , Lihui WEI BM ,

Frontiers of Medicine 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 256-264 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0052-3

Abstract: More and more molecular drugs based on targeted therapy have been utilized in the treatment of gynecologic cancer, especially in ovarian cancer. In this article, we systematically review the current targeted therapeutic trials running in clinic. Large, randomized trials have been conducted in the treatment of ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer by using small molecule, antisense, mutational gene as well as antibodies. Other planned or ongoing trials currentlytargeted at molecular markers which may play important roles in gynecological carcinogenesis andprogression suggest that combination chemotherapy with molecular targeted therapy will ultimately be an importantoption.

Keywords： target therapy gynecologic malignant tumors clinical trail molecular medicine

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Coronavirus Variants—Will New mRNA Vaccines Meet the Challenge?

Jennifer Welsh

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 712-714 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.04.005

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Tissue regeneration: dream, hope and challenge

Ding Xiaobing

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages 122-128

Abstract:

Tissue regeneration is the research focus in the fields of biology and medicine in 21 century. In this paper, some very important aspects dealing with the tissue repair and regeneration were reviewed, including its brief history, key scientific points and the advance in some very important fields. Also, our perspective about its development in the future was given.

Keywords： injury tissue repair regeneration

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Battery Recycling Challenge Looms as Electric Vehicle Business Booms

Sean O’Neill

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1657-1660 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.009

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Aerodynamic challenges in span length of suspension bridges

XIANG Haifan, GE Yaojun

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 153-162 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0016-0

Abstract: estimated as a reasonable limitation of span length, is finally conducted to respond to the tomorrow s challenge

Keywords： requirement reasonable limitation challenge particular economical construction

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The Challenge of Computing and Information Technology in the 21st Century

Wm. A. Wulf

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 10, Pages 9-12

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Immunological effects of nano-enabled hyperthermia for solid tumors: opportunity and challenge

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 333-344 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2059-5

Abstract: Compared to conventional hyperthermia that is limited by low selectivity and severe side effects, nano-enabled hyperthermia yields great potentials to tackle these limitations for cancer treatment. Another major advance is the observation of immunological responses associated with nano-enabled hyperthermia, which introduces a new avenue, allowing a potential paradigm shift from the acutely effective and cytotoxicity-centric response to the next-phase discovery, i.e., long-lasting and/or systemic anti-tumor immunity. This perspective first discusses the temperature-gradient and the spatially-structured immunological landscape in solid tumors receiving nano-enabled hyperthermia. This includes the discussion about underlying mechanism such as immunogenic cell death, which initiates a profound immunological chain reaction. In order to propagate the immune activation as a viable therapeutic principle, we further discussed the tumor type-specific complexity in the immunological tumor microenvironment, including the creative design of nano-enabled combination therapy to synergize with nano-enabled hyperthermia.

Keywords： nano-enabled hyperthermia immunogenic cell death heterogeneous immunological landscape tumor microenvironment

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Advancements of oil and gas exploration in China offshore area: overview and perspective

Zhu Weilin

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 18-24

Abstract:

Under the guidance of seeking for large and middle scale oil and gas fields in recent years, the oil and gas exploration in china offshore areas is grounding on regional study and scientific and reasonable deployment as complementation. Considering the unique and complex geological conditions of china offshore area, the innovations of geological understanding and exploration technology are all emphasized, to keep exploration with high efficiency. Great successes have been achieved on the basis of this paradigm, and the newly discovered reserves make historical breakthroughs continuously, suggesting the golden time of the present china offshore oil and gas exploration. However, with the enhancement of exploration extent and enlargement of exploration area, the oil and gas exploration in China offshore area will face more and more challenges.

Keywords： China offshore area large and middle scale oil and gas field high efficiency exploration challenge

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WATER USE IN HUMAN CIVILIZATIONS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OF A PERPETUAL SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGE

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 512-524 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021393

Abstract:

Settlement patterns and social structures have been shaped by access to water since the onset of human societies. This review covers historical and recent examples from Cambodia, Central Asia, India, Latin America and the Arabian Peninsula to analyze the role of water resources in determining the rise and collapse of civilizations. Over recent decades increasing globalization and concomitant possibilities to externalize water needs as virtual water have obscured global dependence on water resources via telecoupling, but rapid urbanization brings it now back to the political agenda. It is foremost in the urban arena of poorer countries where competing claims for water increasingly lead to scale-transcendent conflicts about ecosystem services. Solutions to the dilemma will require broad stakeholder-based agreements on water use taking into account the available data on water resources, their current and potential use efficiency, recycling of water after effective treatment, and social-ecological approaches of improved governance and conflict resolution.

Keywords： agroecology historical water use water footprint water governance urbanization