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From understanding to designing soundscapes

Jian KANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 403-417 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0091-5

Abstract: Soundscape represents a step change in the field of environmental acoustics in that it combines physical, social, and psychological approaches. Although the term soundscape was introduced in the 1960s, significant attention to it has mainly been paid in the last decade or so in the community of environmental acoustics by researchers and recently by practitioners including policy makers. This paper explores the current situation and future challenges in soundscape. Starting with a framework on research and practical needs in soundscape and a brief introduction of some recent/current networks, activities, projects, and publications, this paper then presents a systematic review of recent progress in soundscape research and practice. A short review of the soundscape research in China is also given.

Keywords： soundscape     environment     sound     design     urban     landscape    

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Strategies on designing multifunctional surfaces to prevent biofilm formation? ?

Yang Lu,Zhanguo Yue,Wei Wang,Zhiqiang Cao

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3,   Pages 324-335 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1529-z

Abstract: Bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation have raised severe problems on public health, food industry and many other areas. A variety of reagents and surface coatings have been developed to kill bacteria and/or limit their interaction with surfaces. It has also attracted many efforts to integrate different bactericidal elements together and maximize antibacterial efficiency. Herein, we review mechanisms for both passive and active approaches to resist and kill bacteria respectively, and discuss integrated strategies based on these two approaches. We also offer perspective on future research direction.

Keywords： antimicrobial     surface     multifunctional    

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Designing an

Boran Wu, Xiaoli Chai, Youcai Zhao, Xiaohu Dai

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1088-5

Abstract:

Remediation of polluted water body via microbial community regulation is proposed.

EAS-induced microbial growth can enhance self-purification of polluted water body.

Principle of EAS is elaborated by the conceptual model description.

Keywords： Remediation     Surface water     Polyhydroxyalkanoates     Microbial proliferation    

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Analysis of suitable geometrical parameters for designing a tendon-driven under-actuated mechanical finger

Francesco PENTA,Cesare ROSSI,Sergio SAVINO

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 184-194 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0385-y

Abstract:

This study aims to optimize the geometrical parameters of an under-actuated mechanical finger by conducting a theoretical analysis of these parameters. The finger is actuated by a flexion tendon and an extension tendon. The considered parameters are the tendon guide positions with respect to the hinges. By applying such an optimization, the correct kinematical and dynamical behavior of the closing cycle of the finger can be obtained. The results of this study are useful for avoiding the snap-through and the single joint hyperflexion, which are the two breakdowns most frequently observed during experimentation on prototypes. Diagrams are established to identify the optimum values for the tendon guides position of a finger with specified dimensions. The findings of this study can serve as guide for future finger design.

Keywords： tendon-driven fingers     mechanical finger design     under-actuated mechanical systems    

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The prior rules of designing Ti

Yingying Jian, Danyao Qu, Lihao Guo, Yujin Zhu, Chen Su, Huanran Feng, Guangjian Zhang, Jia Zhang, Weiwei Wu, Ming-Shui Yao

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 505-517 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2013-y

Abstract: However, their designing rules are still lacking critical thinking from the viewpoint of the intrinsic

Keywords： MXene based sensor     prior     reducing gases     oxidizing gases    

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Residual stresses in coating-based systems, part II: Optimal designing methodologies

ZHANG Xiancheng, WU Yixiong, XU Binshi, WANG Haidou

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 125-136 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0022-x

Abstract: In this part of the work, different cases are studied to illustrate the implementation of the analytical models that have been developed in Part I [Front. Mech. Eng. China, 2007, 2(1): 1 12]. Different topics are involved in the optimal design of coating-based systems. Some essential relations among material properties and dimensions of the coating and substrate and the residual stress variations are reflected. For the multilayered coating-based systems, some optimal design methodologies are proposed, such as the decrease in stress discontinuity at the interface between the adjacent layers, the curvature as a function of the coating thickness, the effect of the interlayer on the residual stress redistribution, and so on. For the single-layered coating-based systems, some typical approximations that are often used to predict the residual stresses in the coating-based system or bilayer structure are corrected. A simplified model for predicting the quenching stress in a coating is also developed.

Keywords： function     different     substrate     interlayer     implementation    

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On the monolayer dispersion behavior of Co3O4 on HZSM-5 support: designing applicable

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1741-1754 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2332-x

Abstract: Based on monolayer dispersion theory, Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalysts with different loadings have been prepared for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia. Co3O4 can spontaneously disperse on HZSM-5 support with a monolayer dispersion threshold of 0.061 mmol 100 m–2, equaling to a weight percentage around 4.5%. It has been revealed that the quantities of surface active oxygen (O2–) and acid sites are crucial for the reaction, which can adsorb and activate NOx and NH3 reactants effectively. Below the monolayer dispersion threshold, Co3O4 is finely dispersed as sub-monolayers or monolayers and in an amorphous state, which is favorable to generate the two kinds of active sites, hence promoting the performance of ammonia selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide. However, the formation of crystalline Co3O4 above the capacity is harmful to the reaction performance. 4% Co3O4/ZSM-5, the catalyst close to the monolayer dispersion capacity, possesses the most abundant active O2– species and acidic sites, thereby demonstrating the best reaction performance in all the samples. It is proposed the optimal Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst can be prepared by loading the capacity amount of Co3O4 onto HZSM-5 support.

Keywords： Co3O4/ZSM-5     NOx-SCR by NH3     monolayer dispersion threshold effect     surface acid sites     surface active O2– anions    

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Core designing of a new type of TVS-2M FAs: neutronics and thermal-hydraulics design basis limits

Saeed GHAEMI, Farshad FAGHIHI

Frontiers in Energy 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 256-278 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0583-x

Abstract: One of the most important aims of this study is to improve the core of the current VVER reactors to achieve more burn-up (or more cycle length) and more intrinsic safety. It is an independent study on the Russian new proposed FAs, called TVS-2M, which would be applied for the future advanced VVERs. Some important aspects of neutronics as well as thermal hydraulics investigations (and analysis) of the new type of Fas are conducted, and results are compared with the standards PWR CDBL. The TVS-2M FA contains gadolinium-oxide which is mixed with UO (for different Gd densities and U-235 enrichments which are given herein), but the core does not contain BARs. The new type TVS-2M Fas are modeled by the SARCS software package to find the PMAXS format for three states of CZP and HZP as well as HFP, and then the whole core is simulated by the PARCS code to investigate transient conditions. In addition, the WIMS-D5 code is suggested for steady core modeling including TVS-2M FAs and/or TVS FAs. Many neutronics aspects such as the first cycle length (first cycle burn up in terms of MW d/kgU), the critical concentration of boric acid at the BOC as well as the cycle length, the axial, and radial power peaking factors, differential and integral worthy of the most reactive CPS-CRs, reactivity coefficients of the fuel, moderator, boric acid, and the under-moderation estimation of the core are conducted and benchmarked with the PWR CDBL. Specifically, the burn-up calculations indicate that the 45.6 d increase of the first cycle length (which corresponds to 1.18 MW d/kgU increase of burn-up) is the best improving aim of the new FA type called TVS-2M. Moreover, thermal-hydraulics core design criteria such as MDNBR (based on W3 correlation) and the maximum of fuel and clad temperatures (radially and axially), are investigated, and discussed based on the CDBL.

Keywords： TVS-2M FAs     core design basis limits     VVER-1000     analysis     mixture of uranium-gadolinium oxides fuels     thermal-hydraulics     PARCS     WIMS-D5    

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DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021392

Abstract:

Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.

 

Keywords： Agriculture Green Development ， crop diversification ， cropping system modeling ， ecosystem services ， sustainable agriculture    

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DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering   Pages 362-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021392

Abstract: Intensive agriculture in China over recent decades has successfully realized food security but at the expense of negative environmental impacts. Achieving green transformation of agriculture in China requires fundamental restructuring of cropping systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework of theory, approaches and implementation of crop diversification schemes in China. Initially, crop diversification schemes require identifying multiple objectives by simultaneously considering natural resources, limiting factors/constraints, and social and economic demands of different stakeholders. Then, it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based upon farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve the identified objectives. Next, the resulting diversified cropping systems need to be evaluated and examined by employing experimental and modeling approaches. Finally, a strategic plan, as presented in this paper, is needed for implementing an optimized crop diversification in China based upon regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection. The North China Plain is used as an example to illustrate the strategic plan to optimize and design diversified cropping systems. The implementation of crop diversification in China will set an example for other countries undergoing agricultural transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.

Keywords： Agriculture Green Development     crop diversification     cropping system modeling     ecosystem services     sustainable agriculture    

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The Innovation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Improvement Project

Fan Qijin

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 13-26

Abstract: This paper briefly summarizes some new thought, course of action and effect in the designing, construction

Keywords： Yangtze Estuary deepwater channel     engineering management     designing     construction    

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Human-Centered Mobility: A New Approach to Designing and Improving Our Urban Transport Infrastructure Views & Comments

Dervilla Mitchell, Susan Claris, David Edge

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 33-36 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.030

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Design and Experimental Research on a New Pipe Rupture Valve

HU Guo-liang, XU Bing, YANG Hua-yong, ZHANG Yi-ding

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2006, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 26-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0009-4

Abstract: The results show that the newly designed pipe rupture valve meets the designing requirement for hydraulic

Keywords： Mathematical     designing requirement     numerical     hydraulic elevator     EN81-2 standard    

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Detectors for pulsed neutron and gamma-ray measurement

Ouyang Xiaoping

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 5,   Pages 44-53

Abstract: To realize these parameters in designing a detection system, certain detection construction and technicalDesigning principles include balancing energy collection with charge collection, geometry efficiencyThe designing technology of radiation detection systems can be developed with an integrated utilization

Keywords： mixed neutron gamma-ray fields     pulsed radiation detection     detecting system     designing techniques    

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Issues on the Scalability in Designing a Massively Parallel Processor

Lu Xicheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 10,   Pages 105-109

Abstract: structural scalability and the friendly programming are the two important and conflicting goals in designing

Keywords： architecture     MPP     SMP     CC-NUMA     cluster     hypernode    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

From understanding to designing soundscapes

Jian KANG

Journal Article

Strategies on designing multifunctional surfaces to prevent biofilm formation? ?

Yang Lu,Zhanguo Yue,Wei Wang,Zhiqiang Cao

Journal Article

Designing an

Boran Wu, Xiaoli Chai, Youcai Zhao, Xiaohu Dai

Journal Article

Analysis of suitable geometrical parameters for designing a tendon-driven under-actuated mechanical finger

Francesco PENTA,Cesare ROSSI,Sergio SAVINO

Journal Article

The prior rules of designing Ti

Yingying Jian, Danyao Qu, Lihao Guo, Yujin Zhu, Chen Su, Huanran Feng, Guangjian Zhang, Jia Zhang, Weiwei Wu, Ming-Shui Yao

Journal Article

Residual stresses in coating-based systems, part II: Optimal designing methodologies

ZHANG Xiancheng, WU Yixiong, XU Binshi, WANG Haidou

Journal Article

On the monolayer dispersion behavior of Co3O4 on HZSM-5 support: designing applicable

Journal Article

Core designing of a new type of TVS-2M FAs: neutronics and thermal-hydraulics design basis limits

Saeed GHAEMI, Farshad FAGHIHI

Journal Article

DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Journal Article

DESIGNING DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN CHINA: THEORY, APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Wen-Feng CONG, Chaochun ZHANG, Chunjie LI, Guangzhou WANG, Fusuo ZHANG

Journal Article

The Innovation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Improvement Project

Fan Qijin

Journal Article

Human-Centered Mobility: A New Approach to Designing and Improving Our Urban Transport Infrastructure

Dervilla Mitchell, Susan Claris, David Edge

Journal Article

Design and Experimental Research on a New Pipe Rupture Valve

HU Guo-liang, XU Bing, YANG Hua-yong, ZHANG Yi-ding

Journal Article

Detectors for pulsed neutron and gamma-ray measurement

Ouyang Xiaoping

Journal Article

Issues on the Scalability in Designing a Massively Parallel Processor

Lu Xicheng

Journal Article