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INTENSIFICATION OF GRASSLAND-BASED DAIRY PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACTS ON LAND, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCIES

Jouke OENEMA, Oene OENEMA

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 130-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020376

Abstract: Many grassland-based dairy farms are intensifying production, i.e., produce more milk per ha of land in response to the increasing demand for milk (by about 2% per year) in a globalized market. However, intensive dairy farming has been implicated for its resources use, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication impacts. This paper addresses the question of how the intensity of dairy production relates to N and P surpluses and use efficiencies on farms subjected to agri-environmental regulations. Detailed monitoring data were analyzed from 2858 grassland-based dairy farms in The Netherlands for the year 2015. The farms produced on average 925 Mg·yr milk. Milk production per ha ranged from<10 to>30 Mg·ha ·yr . Purchased feed and manure export strongly increased with the level of intensification. Surpluses of N and P at farm level remained constant and ammonia emissions per kg milk decreased with the level of intensification. In conclusion, N and P surpluses did not differ much among dairy farms greatly differing in intensity due to legal N and P application limits and obligatory export of manure surpluses to other farms. Further, N and P use efficiencies also did not differ among dairy farms differing in intensity provided the externalization of feed production was accounted for. This paper provides lessons for proper monitoring and control of N and P cycling in dairy farming.

Keywords： ammonia externalization feed forage maize front runners manure production milk yield nitrogen surplus

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A review on front end conversion in ocean wave energy converters

Nagulan SANTHOSH,Venkatesan BASKARAN,Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 297-310 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0370-x

Abstract: In this paper, the front end energy conversions are reviewed in detail which is positioned in the firstIf the recent development of these front end energy conversion is well known then developing wave energyThe aim of this review is to provide information on front end energy conversion of a point absorber and

Keywords： wave energy converter point absorbers power take off (PTO) front end energy conversion

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Civil, Hydraulic, and Architectural Engineering Front 2022

Engineering Fronts 2022, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 124-149

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Ultramicrostructure and clinical implications of satellite foci in front of the head of pterygium

LIU Haixia, XIANG Nan, ZHOU Xiongwu, HU Weikun, LI Guigang, ZHANG Hong

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 211-214 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0040-4

Abstract: In our previous studies, grey satellite foci were found in the front of heads of pterygia.

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A family of non-conforming crack front elements of quadrilateral and triangular types for 3D crack problems

Guizhong XIE, Fenglin ZHOU, Hao LI, Xiaoyu WEN, Fannian MENG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019, Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 332-341 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0540-3

Abstract: This study focuses on establishing non-conforming crack front elements of quadrilateral and triangularThe asymptotic behavior of the physical variables in the area near the crack front is fully consideredIn the developed quadrilateral and triangular crack front elements, the asymptotic term, which capturesphysical variable, is multiplied directly by the conventional Lagrange shape function to form a new crack frontstraight-edge crack problems are presented to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the developed crack front

Keywords： Taylor expansion crack front elements stress intensity factors dual boundary element method

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Civil, Hydraulic, and Architectural Engineering Front 2021

Civil, Hydraulic, and Architectural Engineering Front 2020

Engineering Fronts 2021, Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 111-131

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Animal stem cells: the engineering development front of 2018

Wenye YUAN, Jianxiang XU, Chenying LI, Lijuan SHI, Aidong YANG, Yan WANG, Lu XING, Shaozhong KANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 93-95 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018250

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Influence of using amorphous silicon stack as front heterojunction structure on performance of interdigitated

Rui JIA,Ke TAO,Qiang LI,Xiaowan DAI,Hengchao SUN,Yun SUN,Zhi JIN,Xinyu LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 96-104 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0434-6

Abstract: However, the front surface passivation and structure have a great influence on the properties of theIn this paper, detailed numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the potential of frontsurface field (FSF) offered by stack of n-type doped and intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers on the frontfield of FSF should be strong enough to repel minority carries and cumulate major carriers near the frontaddition, the simulations concerning interface defects strongly suggest that FSF is essential when the front

Keywords： amorphous silicon front surface field simulations interdigitated back contact-heterojunction solar cells

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Agriculture Front 2021

Agriculture Project Team

Engineering Fronts 2021, Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 154-180

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Agriculture Front 2022

Agriculture Project Team

Engineering Fronts 2022, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 174-201

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Agriculture Front 2017

Agriculture Project Team

Engineering Fronts 2017, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 179-197

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Agriculture Front 2018

Agriculture Project Team

Engineering Fronts 2018, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 164-182

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Agriculture Front 2019

Agriculture Project Team

Engineering Fronts 2019, Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 150-170

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Agriculture Front 2020

Agriculture Project Team

Engineering Fronts 2020, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 149-173

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Do civil engineering fronts emerge from interdisciplinary research?

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering Pages 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0929-7

Abstract: Interdisciplinary research is considered a source of innovativeness and creativity, serving as a key mechanism for creating recombination necessary for the evolution of science systems. The aim of this study is to quantitatively establish the connection between interdisciplinary research and the research fronts that have recently emerged in civil engineering. The degree of interdisciplinarity of the research fronts was measured by developing metrics from bibliographic analyses. As indicated by the consistent increase in the metrics of interdisciplinarity over time, research fronts tend to emerge in studies with increasing diversity in the disciplines involved. The active disciplines involved in the fronts vary over time. The most active disciplines are no longer fundamental but those associated with energy, environment, and sustainable development, focusing on solutions to climate change and integrating intelligence technologies.

Keywords： interdisciplinary research research front bibliographic analysis