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Comments on this special issue on “Wheat Genetics and Breeding”

Zhonghu HE, Xu LLU

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 309-309 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019264

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Highlights of special issue on “Wheat Genetics and Breeding”

Zhonghu HE, Zhendong ZHAO, Shunhe CHENG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 207-209 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019263

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The genetics of Beh?et’s disease in a Chinese population

Shengping Hou, Aize Kijlstra, Peizeng Yang

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 354-359 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0234-2

Abstract:

Beh?et’s disease is defined as a multisystemic inflammatory disease. Although the precise pathogenesis and etiology is still a mystery, accumulating evidence shows that genetic variants of immune-related genes have a profound influence on the development of Beh?et’s disease. To explore the genetic factors for Beh?et’s disease, our group investigated the association of Beh?et’s disease with multiple immune response genes and has identified multiple Beh?et’s disease-related immunoregulatory pathways in the Chinese Han population. A large number of gene polymorphisms were studied including STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, OPN, IL17, JAK2, MCP-1, CTLA4, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TGRBR3, CCR6, PTPN22, FCRL3, IRF5, SUMO4 and UBAC2. Significant associations were found between Beh?et’s disease and STAT4, IL23R, CD40, CCR1/CCR3, STAT3, MCP-1, TGFBR3, FCRL3, SUMO4, UBAC2. These genetic predisposition studies support an important role for both lymphocyte differentiation as well as ubiquitination pathways. These findings are helpful in elucidating the pathogenesis of Beh?et’s disease and hopefully will allow the development of novel treatment regimes.

Keywords： Beh?et’s disease SNPs immune gene genetic study

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Genetics of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Chinese population

Wei-Li ZHANG MD, PhD, Ru-Tai HUI MD, PhD,

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 21-28 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0013-x

Abstract: Stroke is a major cause of adult death and disability worldwide. Epidemiological and animal studies have provided strong evidence that the pathogenesis of stroke is multi-factorial and induced by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors, but the identification of individual causative variants remains little known. Genetic influences are likely to be polygenic with small effect sizes, and stroke itself consists of a number of different subtypes which may each have different genetic profiles. In addition, various ethnic populations may have different stroke risk, such as Asian race. The reasons for high risk of stroke among the Chinese, especially hemorrhagic stroke, remain unknown. Most human studies have taken a candidate gene approach using case-control methodology. To be reliably detected, small relative risks require large sample sizes, probably 1000 patients or more. Genome-wide association (GWA) study is an unbiased and comprehensive approach to identify common risk alleles for complex diseases. Recently, a multistage GWA study has identified three loci on chromosomes 2q, 8q and 9p to be associated with intracranial aneurysm in European and Japanese populations. Another GWA finding is the identification of risk variants for cardioembolic stroke on chromosome 4q25 in European populations. In this review, we mainly focus on the results from case-control association studies on genetic factors that play a role in the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Chinese population. The combined effects of multiple susceptibility genes for stroke risk are also summarized.

Keywords： genetics ischemic stroke hemorrhagic stroke association study

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Polycystic ovary syndrome

Zi-Jiang CHEN, Yuhua SHI

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 280-284 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0098-2

Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecologic endocrinopathy. The pathogenesis of PCOS is associated with both heredity and environment. PCOS has adverse impacts on female endocrine, reproduction, and metabolism. PCOS can impact women’s reproductive health, leading to anovulatory infertility and higher rate of early pregnancy loss. PCOS has additional metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia. The risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and endometrial cancer among PCOS patients are significantly increased as well.

Keywords： polycystic ovary syndrome genetics metabolic disturbance

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Exome sequencing greatly expedites the progressive research of Mendelian diseases

Xuejun Zhang

Frontiers of Medicine 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 42-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0303-9

Abstract: WES has achieved great success in the past three years for Mendelian disease genetics and has identified

Keywords： genetics whole-exome sequencing Mendelian disease disease gene

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Genetics analysis of haptoglobin gene in Fujian Han nationality

ZOU Qilian, LIN Ying, LIN Xiangquan, CHEN Yuanzhong

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 105-107 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0019-9

Abstract: To study the genetic features (characteristics) of haptoglobin gene, four different age groups of Fujian Han people were investigated. The phenotypes of the haptoglobin of four different groups were analyzed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The frequency of in the population of Fujian Han nationality accounted for 0.340, among which children, youths, middle aged and elder groups were 0.307, 0.338, 0.363 and 0.383, respectively. The Hp phenotype frequency was 0.026 in which the four age groups accounted for 0.032, 0.046, 0.014 and 0.014, respectively. The frequency of gene is rising with increasing age. The frequency of Hp phenotype is highest in the middle aged group and then tends to drop with increasing age.

Keywords： different haptoglobin phenotype frequency electrophoresis middle

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Development Strategy for Aquaculture Genetic Breeding and Seed Industry

Gui Jianfang,Bao Zhenmin and Zhang Xiaojuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2016, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 8-14 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.002

Abstract:

Along with the development of aquatic biology and biotechnology in recent two decades, China has made remarkable achievements with its aquaculture genetic breeding and seed industries, while facing with opportunities and challenges in the process. Around a range of topics related to these industries, including genetic resource preservation and utilization, genetic mechanism analysis and gene function discovery, novel variety breeding with good traits, and seed industry in aquaculture, This paper comparatively analyzes the status and problems of these industries from both national and international perspectives, and attempts to provide some suggestions and major policy goals for the two industries in the future, especially in the China's 13th Five Year Plan.

Keywords： aquaculture aquatic genetics and breeding aquaculture seed industry

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Cultural differences define diagnosis and genomic medicine practice: implications for undiagnosed diseases program in China

Xiaohong Duan, Thomas Markello, David Adams, Camilo Toro, Cynthia Tifft, William A. Gahl, Cornelius F. Boerkoel

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 389-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0281-3

Abstract:

Despite the current acceleration and increasing leadership of Chinese genetics research, geneticsNeither genetics nor the scientific reductionism underpinning its clinical application is integral toculturally meaningful, we hypothesize that the cultural expectations of genetic diagnoses and medical genetics

Keywords： genetics cultural differences undiagnosed diseases program

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Advancement in genetic variants conferring obesity susceptibility from genome-wide association studies

Tao Wang,Weiping Jia,Cheng Hu

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 146-161 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0373-8

Abstract:

Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years. Lifestyle change fuels obesity, but genetic factors cause more than 50% of average variations in obesity. The advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has hastened the progress of polygenic obesity research. As of this writing, more than 73 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified in ethnic groups through GWAS. The identified loci explain only 2% to 4% of obesity heritability, thereby indicating that a large proportion of loci remain undiscovered. Thus, the next step is to identify and confirm novel loci, which may exhibit smaller effects and lower allele frequencies than established loci. However, achieving these tasks has been difficult for researchers. GWAS help researchers discover the causal loci. Moreover, numerous biological studies have been performed on the polygenic effects on obesity, such as studies on fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), but the role of these polygenic effects in the mechanism of obesity remains unclear. Thus, obesity-causing variations should be identified, and insights into the biology of polygenic effects on obesity are needed.

Keywords： obesity genetics genome-wide association studies body mass index fat mass- and obesity-associated gene

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Expanding and Enhancing the Research Allocation on Soybean Breeding and Genetics for the Establishment

Gai Junyi

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages 1-6

Abstract: expanding and enhancing the most important and powerful technological aspect, soybean breeding and genetics

Keywords： soybean production supply security import control management for development genetic improvement

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Twelve Years of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Human Protein N-Glycosylation Review

Anna Timoshchuk, Sodbo Sharapov, Yurii S. Aulchenko

Engineering 2023, Volume 26, Issue 7, Pages 17-31 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.013

Abstract: tools that can provide much sought-after knowledge of human in vivo glycobiology are human genetics

Keywords： Glycome Glycans N-glycosylation Genomics Genetics GWAS

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Neosporosis: An Overview of Its Molecular Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Review

Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 10-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.010

Abstract:

Neospora caninum (N. caninum), a cyst-forming protozoan parasite, is a major cause of bovine abortions and neonatal mortality worldwide. N. caninum has a broad intermediate host range, and its sexual cycle occurs exclusively in canids. Another species of Neospora, N. hughesi, has been identified and causes myeloencephalitis in horses. Although molecular epidemiology studies are in their infancy, the 18S rRNA and ITS1 regions within the ssuRNA and an N. caninum species-specific DNA probe (pNc5) have been used extensively to differentiate Neospora from other closely related apicomplexan parasites. While these repetitive regions have higher sensitivity and specificity than housekeeping or antigen genes, they suffer from low discriminatory power and fail to capture intra-species diversity. Similarly, although multiple minisatellite or microsatellite marker studies have shown clear geographic substructures within Neospora, strains are often misclassified due to a convergence in the size of different alleles at microsatellite loci, known as homoplasy. Only one strain, N. caninum Liverpool (Nc-Liv), has been genome sequenced and compared with its closest relative, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Hence, detailed population genomics studies based on wholegenome sequences from multiple strains worldwide are needed in order to better understand the current population genetic structure of Neospora, and ultimately to determine more effective vaccine candidates against bovine neosporosis. The aim of this review is to outline our current understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genomics of Neospora in juxtaposition with the closely related apicomplexan parasites Hammondia hammondi and T. gondii.

Keywords： Neosporosis Molecular epidemiology Population genetics Genomics Host response Vaccine

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Genetic variants in the ADD1 and GNB3 genes and blood pressure response to potassium supplementation

Dai-Hai YU PhD, Jian-Feng HUANG MD, Ji-Chun CHEN MS, Jie CAO MS, Shu-Feng CHEN PhD, Dong-Feng GU MD, PhD, for the GenSalt Collaborative Research Group, De-Pei LIU PhD, Lai-Yuan WANG PhD, Jing CHEN MD, MSc, Jiang HE MD, PhD, Cashell E. JAQUISH PhD, Dabeeru C. RAO PhD, Charles GU PhD, James E. HIXSON PhD, Chung-Shiuan CHEN MS⁸, Paul K. WHELTON MD, MSc⁹,

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 59-66 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0015-8

Abstract: Dietary potassium-supplementation has been associated with a decreased risk of hypertension and other cardiovascular outcomes. However, blood pressure (BP) responses to potassium supplementation vary among individuals. This study was designed to examine the association between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adducin 1 alpha (ADD1) and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3) genes and systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to potassium-supplementation. We conducted a 7-day high-sodium intervention (307.8 mmol sodium/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium with potassium-supplementation (60 mmol potassium/day) among 1906 Han Chinese participants from rural north China. BP measurements were obtained at the end of each intervention period using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. We identified significant associations between ADD1 variant rs17833172 and SBP, DBP, and MAP responses to potassium-supplementation (all <0.0001) that remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. In participants that were heterozygous or homozygous for the G allele of this marker, SBP, DBP, and MAP response to potassium-supplementation were −3.52 (−3.82, −3.21), −1.41 (−1.66, −1.15) and −2.12 (−2.37, −1.87), respectively, as compared to the corresponding responses of 1.99 (0.25, 3.73), −0.65 (−0.10, −0.21), and −0.23 (−0.37, 0.83), respectively, for those who were homozygous for A allele. In addition, participants with at least one copy of the G allele of rs12503220 of the ADD1 gene had significantly increased DBP and MAP response to potassium-supplementation ( = 0.0041 and 0.01, respectively), which was also significant after correction for multiple testing. DBP and MAP responses to potassium-supplementation were −1.36 (−1.63, −1.10) and −2.07 (−2.32, −1.82) for those with at least G allele compared to corresponding responses of 0.86 (−0.68, 2.40) and −0.45 (−1.74, 0.84) for those who were homozygous for A allele. In summary, our study identified novel associations between genetic variants of the ADD1 gene and BP response to potassium-supplementation, which could have important clinical and public health implications. Future studies aimed at replicating these novel findings are warranted.

Keywords： blood pressure genetics polymorphism die-tary potassium potassium sensitivity adducin 1 alpha (ADD1)