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Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 2-2 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1436-0

Abstract:

• Polystyrene microplastic caused hormesis-like effects in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Keywords: Microplastics     Marine microalgae     Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin     Growth     Photosynthetic pigments     Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters    

Interspecies transmission and evolution of the emerging coronaviruses: perspectives from bat physiology

Baicheng HUANG, Kegong TIAN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 218-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020324

Abstract:

Emergent coronaviruses (CoVs) such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades. Currently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health concern. CoV diversity is due to the large size and replication mechanisms of the genomes together with having bats as their optimum natural hosts. The ecological behavior and unique immune characteristics of bats are optimal for the homologous recombination of CoVs. The relationship of spatial structural characteristics of the spike protein, a protein that is critical for recognition by host receptors, in different CoVs may provide evidence in explaining the coevolution of CoVs and their hosts. This information may help to enhance our understanding of CoV evolution and thus provide part of the basis of preparations for any future outbreaks.

Keywords: bat     coronavirus     evolution     host receptor     spike protein     transmission    

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

Abstract: Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

Keywords: antitranspirant     soybean     water deficit     leaf gas exchange     enzymes activities     water consumption     seed yield    

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

Huating Li, Jing Zhang, Weiping Jia

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 25-30 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0244-8

Abstract:

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It actually functions as endocrine hormones but does not regulate cell growth and differentiation. It is demonstrated that FGF21 acts on multiple tissue to coordinate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, causing weight loss, ameliorating obesity-associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, FGF21 also plays important roles in some physiological processes, such as fasting and feeding, growth hormone axis and thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue. Clinical relevance of FGF21 in humans is still unclear, and the basis and consequences of increased FGF21 in metabolic disease remain to be determined. Both the pharmacological actions and physiological roles make FGF21 attractive drug candidates for treating metabolic disease, but some questions remain to be answered. This article concentrates on recent advances in our understanding of FGF21.

Keywords: FGF21     metabolism     pharmacology     physiology     clinical relevance    

Trauma-induced “Macklin effect” with pneumothorax and large pneumomediastinum, disguised by allergy

Salomone Di Saverio, Kenji Kawamukai, Andrea Biscardi, Silvia Villani, Luca Zucchini, Gregorio Tugnoli

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 386-388 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0278-y

Abstract:

A 56-year-old man presented spontaneously to the Emergency Department complaining of facial and neck oedema after assumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The triage nurse assigned the patient to Accident & Emergency (A&E) doctor as probable allergic reaction to NSAIDS. Chest X-ray (CXR), ordered after 24 hours, revealed a huge subcutaneous chest and neck emphysema without clearly visible pneumothorax. Subsequent chest CT scan showed a small left pneumothorax and a large amount of air in the mediastinum. The patient was conservatively treated since he was eupnoeic and hemodynamically stable. The pathophysiology of pneumomediastinum was first described by Macklin in 1939. The Macklin effect involves alveolar ruptures with air dissection along bronchovascular sheaths to the mediastinum. In this case the patient did not report in his history a recent blunt thoracic trauma and the initial suspicion of an allergic reaction has prevented physicians to immediately achieve the correct diagnosis.

Keywords: differential diagnosis     critical care     pneumothorax     pneumomediastinum     CT scan     pitfalls     lung and airways physiology    

Nutritional and Metabolic Consequences of Feeding High-Fiber Diets to Swine: A Review

Atta K. Agyekum, C. Martin Nyachoti

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 5,   Pages 716-725 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.010

Abstract: In this review, dietary fiber and its effects on pig nutrition, gut physiology, and sow welfare are discussed

Keywords: Gut physiology     High-fiber diets     Nutrient utilization     Pigs     Sow welfare    

Title Author Date Type Operation

Hormesis-like growth and photosynthetic physiology of marine diatom Bohlin exposed to polystyrene microplastics

Journal Article

Interspecies transmission and evolution of the emerging coronaviruses: perspectives from bat physiology

Baicheng HUANG, Kegong TIAN

Journal Article

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

Journal Article

Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator from pharmacology to physiology

Huating Li, Jing Zhang, Weiping Jia

Journal Article

Trauma-induced “Macklin effect” with pneumothorax and large pneumomediastinum, disguised by allergy

Salomone Di Saverio, Kenji Kawamukai, Andrea Biscardi, Silvia Villani, Luca Zucchini, Gregorio Tugnoli

Journal Article

Nutritional and Metabolic Consequences of Feeding High-Fiber Diets to Swine: A Review

Atta K. Agyekum, C. Martin Nyachoti

Journal Article