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Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 217-230 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

Abstract: This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin,heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schoolsThe space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWhComparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools withand to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.

Keywords： schools energy consumption index primary energy energy saving regression analysis

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Attitude toward preventive counseling and healthy practices among medical students at a Colombian university

Luz Helena Alba,Nora Badoui,Fabián Gil

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 251-259 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0393-z

Abstract:

Unhealthy behaviors of medical students influence their attitudes toward preventive counseling. The burden of chronic diseases is continually growing in developing countries, emphasizing the need for the increased role of general practitioners in preventive counseling. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of medical training on the risk profiles and attitudes of medical students toward preventive counseling in a Colombian university. Students in their first and fifth years of training were surveyed using the “Healthy Doctor= Healthy Patient” questionnaire to assess counseling attitudes; personal practices, such as risky drinking, smoking, inadequate nutrition, and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations; and the university environment. The association among these components was estimated, as well as the effect of the university environment. Risky drinking and smoking decreased from first to fifth year (59.3% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.021 and 31.5% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.51, respectively), whereas inadequate nutrition and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations increased. Physical activity (PA) was associated with positive counseling attitude (ORs: nutrition 7.6; alcohol 5.2; PA 10.6). Areas governed by institutional policies that are emphasized in the curriculum positively affected student practices. PA promoted preventive counseling and healthy lifestyles most effectively. Universities should therefore strengthen their preventive medicine curricula and modify social determinants.

Keywords： lifestyle medical students preventive medicine counseling universities schools medical