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Carbon Nano-Fiber Aggregates (CNFAs) 1

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Dajiaochang area of Lushan in China 1

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ET-based irrigation schedule 1

Ebola virus 1

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Data sharing mechanism of various mineral resources based on blockchain

Yili REN, Jia LIANG, Jian SU, Gang CAO, He LIU

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 592-604 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0132-2

Abstract: Basins with various mineral resources coexisting and enriching often occupy an important strategic positionThe exploration of various mineral resources is repetitive at present due to unshared data and imperfect

Keywords： data sharing     blockchain     various mineral resources     collaborative exploration     big data    

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The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

Frontiers of Medicine 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 388-431 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6

Abstract: mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various

Keywords： metformin     metabolism     cancer     aging     neurological disorder    

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Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 961-979 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0738-4

Abstract: Hence, various modes of wall movement (translation and rotation) toward the active state are modeled

Keywords： discrete-element modelling     granular materials     retaining walls     particle shape     arching    

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Dynamic characteristics analysis of active constrained layer damping plate with various boundary conditions

Jing LU, Yu XIANG, Qiao NI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2011, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 449-455 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0240-0

Abstract: precision semi-analytical method was proposed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the ACLD plate with various

Keywords： active constrained layer damping (ACLD) plate     dynamic characteristics     semi-analytical method     extended homogeneous capacity precision integration approach    

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Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and various metallic ions from HO solution

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 4,   Pages 470-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2231-6

Abstract: co-condensation method using zirconium butanol and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane for the simultaneous removal of various

Keywords： adsorption     zirconia     total oxidizable carbon     phosphate     metallic ions     hydrogen peroxide    

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 7,   Pages 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

Abstract: Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH3·H2O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

Keywords： biomass     amino acids     chitin     nitrogen-containing compounds     lignocellulose    

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Dynamics of structural systems with various frequency-dependent damping models

Li LI,Yujin HU,Weiming DENG,Lei LÜ,Zhe DING

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 48-63 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0330-5

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to present the dynamic analyses of the system involving various damping modelstransform method are developed for calculating the dynamic response of the structural systems with variousIt is shown that in the case of non-deficient systems with various damping models, the modal analysisconditions and therefore present a Fourier transform method for the dynamics of structural systems with various

Keywords： damping     viscoelasticity     dynamic analysis     mode superposition method     Fourier transform method    

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Presentation of regression analysis, GP and GMDH models to predict the pedestrian density in various

Iraj BARGEGOL; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid NAJAFI MOGHADDAM GILANI; Mohammad NIKOOKAR; Alireza OROUEI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 250-265 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0785-x

Abstract: In this study, the relationship between space mean speed (SMS), flow rate and density of pedestrians was investigated in different pedestrian facilities, including 1 walkway, 2 sidewalks, 2 signalized crosswalks and 2 mid-block crosswalks. First, statistical analysis was performed to investigate the normality of data and correlation of variables. Regression analysis was then applied to determine the relationship between SMS, flow rate, and density of pedestrians. Finally, two prediction models of density were obtained using genetic programming (GP) and group method of data handling (GMDH) models, and k-fold and holdout cross-validation methods were used to evaluate the models. By the use of regression analysis, the mathematical relationships between variables in all facilities were calculated and plotted, and the best relationships were observed in flow rate-density diagrams. Results also indicated that GP had a higher R2 than GMDH in the prediction of pedestrian density in terms of flow rate and SMS, suggesting that GP was better able to model SMS and pedestrian density. Moreover, the application of k-fold cross-validation method in the models led to better performances compared to the holdout cross-validation method, which shows that the prediction models using k-fold were more reliable. Finally, density relationships in all facilities were obtained in terms of SMS and flow rate.

Keywords： pedestrian density     regression analysis     GP model     GMDH model    

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Roles of various Ni species on TiO

Xiaoping CHEN, Jihai XIONG, Jinming SHI, Song XIA, Shuanglin GUI, Wenfeng SHANGGUAN

Frontiers in Energy 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 684-690 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0585-8

Abstract: Low-cost nickels can be used as cocatalyst to improve the performance of photocatalysts, which may be promising materials applied in the field of photocatalytic water splitting. In this study, different nickel species Ni, Ni(OH) , NiO, NiO , and NiS are used to modified titanium dioxide (P25) to investigate their roles on the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities. UV-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis etc. are employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of catalysts. The results indicate that all the nickel species can improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of P25. The P25 modified with NiO and NiS has more superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities than those modified with other nickel species. The reason for this is that NiO and NiS can form p-n junctions with P25 respectively. In addition, NiO can be selectively deposited on the active sites of P25 via the photodeposition method and NiS is beneficial for H reacting with photo-excited electrons.

Keywords： nickel species     TiO2     photocatalytic hydrogen evolution    

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Investigation of Generalized SIFs of cracks in 3D piezoelectric media under various crack-face conditions

Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT, Bounsana CHANSAVANG, Weeraporn PHONGTINNABOOT, Chung Nguyen VAN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2,   Pages 280-298 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0586-7

Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of crack geometry, crack-face and loading conditions, and the permittivity of a medium inside the crack gap on intensity factors of planar and non-planar cracks in linear piezoelectric media. A weakly singular boundary integral equation method together with the near-front approximation is adopted to accurately determine the intensity factors. Obtained results indicate that the non-flat crack surface, the electric field, and the permittivity of a medium inside the crack gap play a crucial role on the behavior of intensity factors. The mode-I stress intensity factors ( ) for two representative non-planar cracks under different crack-face conditions are found significantly different and they possess both upper and lower bounds. In addition, for impermeable and semi-permeable non-planar cracks treated depends strongly on the electric field whereas those of impermeable, permeable, and semi-permeable penny-shaped cracks are identical and independent of the electric field. The stress/electric intensity factors predicted by permeable and energetically consistent models are, respectively, independent of and dependent on the electric field for the penny-shaped crack and the two representative non-planar cracks. Also, the permittivity of a medium inside the crack gap strongly affects the intensity factors for all crack configurations considered except for of the semi-permeable penny-shaped crack.

Keywords： crack-face conditions     intensity factors     non-flat cracks     permittivity     piezoelectric media     SGBEM    

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Numerical analysis of bearing behaviors of single batter piles under horizontal loads in various directions

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2,   Pages 224-237 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0914-1

Abstract: Subsequently, the differences in the responses of the SBPs under horizontal loads in various directions

Keywords： single batter pile     skew horizontal load     model test     finite-element analysis     empirical design method    

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Shear-critical reinforced concrete columns under various loading rates

Witarto WITARTO,Liang LU,Rachel Howser ROBERTS,Y. L. MO,Xilin LU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 4,   Pages 362-372 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0083-y

Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study of shear-governed reinforced concrete columns subjected to different loading rates. Four typical short columns were tested cyclically with loading rate of 0.05, 1, 3, and 5 Hz, simulating seismic load. Test result indicated that the loading rate does not affect the column behavior when the rate is up to 5 Hz. Furthermore, Carbon Nano-Fiber Aggregates (CNFAs) were utilized as internal sensors to detect the damage in the column. The test result shows that the CNFAs work well sensing the structural behavior. The CNFA output was further quantitatively correlated to the structural damage level. Finally, a finite element analytical model was constructed to describe the behavior of short columns with shear failure. The analytical model successfully modeled the cyclic loading test results.

Keywords： reinforced concrete columns     shear failure     loading rate     Carbon Nano-Fiber Aggregates (CNFAs)     finite element analysis     OpenSees    

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Controlling various contaminants in wastewater effluent through membranes and engineered wetland

Sarper SARP, Sungyun LEE, Noeon PARK, Nguyen Thi HANH, Jaeweon CHO

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 1,   Pages 98-105 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0006-7

Abstract: For effective wastewater reclamation and water recovery, the treatment of natural and effluent organic matters (NOM and EfOM), toxic anions, and micropollutants was considered in this work. Two different NOM (humic acid of the Suwannee River, and NOM of US and Youngsan River, Korea), and one EfOM from the Damyang wastewater treatment plant, Korea, were selected for investigating the removal efficiencies of tight nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with different properties. Nitrate, bromate, and perchlorate were selected as target toxic anions due to their well known high toxicities. Tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), oxybenzone, and caffeine, due to their different and p values, were selected as target micropollutants. As expected, the NF membranes provided high removal efficiencies in terms of all the tested contaminants, and the UF membrane provided fairly high removal efficiencies for anions (except for nitrate) and the relatively hydrophobic micropollutant, oxybenzon

Keywords： wastewater reclamation     natural organic matter (NOM)     effluent organic matter (EfOM)     membranes     wetlands    

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Modified iron-molybdate catalysts with various metal oxides by a mechanochemical method: enhanced formaldehyde

Xue Liu, Lingtao Kong, Shengtao Xu, Chaofan Liu, Fengyun Ma

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 1099-1110 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2008-8

Abstract: A mechanochemical method was employed to prepare modified iron molybdate catalysts with various metal

Keywords： iron molybdate catalyst     metal oxides     methanol to formaldehyde     Co/Mo ratio     formaldehyde yield    

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Development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging

Xiaohuan Wang, Peng Zou, Fan Wu, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang

Frontiers of Medicine 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 449-461 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0589-5

Abstract: interrupting viral RNA replication and translation, thereby demonstrating potent therapeutic effect against various

Keywords： emerging and re-emerging viruses     small-molecule inhibitor     coronavirus     Ebola virus     Zika virus     life cycle    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Data sharing mechanism of various mineral resources based on blockchain

Yili REN, Jia LIANG, Jian SU, Gang CAO, He LIU

Journal Article

The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

Journal Article

Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

Journal Article

Dynamic characteristics analysis of active constrained layer damping plate with various boundary conditions

Jing LU, Yu XIANG, Qiao NI

Journal Article

Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and various metallic ions from HO solution

Journal Article

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

Journal Article

Dynamics of structural systems with various frequency-dependent damping models

Li LI,Yujin HU,Weiming DENG,Lei LÜ,Zhe DING

Journal Article

Presentation of regression analysis, GP and GMDH models to predict the pedestrian density in various

Iraj BARGEGOL; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid NAJAFI MOGHADDAM GILANI; Mohammad NIKOOKAR; Alireza OROUEI

Journal Article

Roles of various Ni species on TiO

Xiaoping CHEN, Jihai XIONG, Jinming SHI, Song XIA, Shuanglin GUI, Wenfeng SHANGGUAN

Journal Article

Investigation of Generalized SIFs of cracks in 3D piezoelectric media under various crack-face conditions

Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT, Bounsana CHANSAVANG, Weeraporn PHONGTINNABOOT, Chung Nguyen VAN

Journal Article

Numerical analysis of bearing behaviors of single batter piles under horizontal loads in various directions

Journal Article

Shear-critical reinforced concrete columns under various loading rates

Witarto WITARTO,Liang LU,Rachel Howser ROBERTS,Y. L. MO,Xilin LU

Journal Article

Controlling various contaminants in wastewater effluent through membranes and engineered wetland

Sarper SARP, Sungyun LEE, Noeon PARK, Nguyen Thi HANH, Jaeweon CHO

Journal Article

Modified iron-molybdate catalysts with various metal oxides by a mechanochemical method: enhanced formaldehyde

Xue Liu, Lingtao Kong, Shengtao Xu, Chaofan Liu, Fengyun Ma

Journal Article

Development of small-molecule viral inhibitors targeting various stages of the life cycle of emerging

Xiaohuan Wang, Peng Zou, Fan Wu, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang

Journal Article