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Thoughts and Countermeasures on Promoting Energy Revolution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Yan Xiaohui, Gao Dan, Li Yanjie
Strategic Study of CAE 2021, Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 24-31 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.006
Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development is a major national strategy of China. This study first analyzes the evolution process of energy production, consumption, and structure proportion in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, indicating that the overall energy supply in this region is less than consumption; although the region is rich in renewable energy resources, its energy consumption is mainly fossil energies and the overall energy efficiency requires further improvement. Since the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei coordinated development strategy was proposed six years ago, the ecological environment in this region has continuously improved, but the situation remains grim. As energy is the power source and blood of economic and social development and it is also closely related to the environment, the promotion of energy revolution becomes imperative. To promote energy revolution within the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, energy efficiency should be further improved to control the total amount of energy consumption; the energy supply structure should be optimized to provide a solid material foundation for the coordinated development; the energy technology revolution should be promoted to create a new driving force for economic growth; the existing energy system should be revolutionized to improve the market environment for economic and social development; and the rural energy revolution should be accelerated to strengthen the prevention of point source pollution in rural areas.
Ying Xu, Yanju Liu, Zhenyu Han, Botao Zhou, Yihui Ding, Jie Wu, Tongfei Tian, Rouke Li, Jing Wang
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages 1185-1192 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.015
This work analyzes and discusses the influence of human activities on the meteorological conditions related to winter haze events in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (i.e., the Jing–Jin–Ji region) during 1961–2016, using the results of two numerical simulation experiments based on the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1-1degree† used in the international CLIVAR C20C+ Detection and Attribution Project (C20C+ D&A). The results show that, under the influence of human activities, the changes in dynamical and thermal meteorological conditions related to winter haze events in the Jing–Jin–Ji region are conducive to the formation and accumulation of haze, and prevent the diffusion of pollutants. The dynamical conditions mainly include the obvious weakening of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and the enhancement of the near-surface anomalous southerly wind. The thermal conditions include the obvious increase in surface temperature, and the enhancement of water vapor transport and near-surface inversion. The relative contribution of dynamical and thermal conditions to the variation of haze days in the Jing–Jin–Ji region is analyzed using statistical methods. The results show that the contribution of human activities to the increase of haze days in the Jing–Jin–Ji region is greater than that of natural forcing for the study period. To be specific, the dynamical meteorological factors contribute more to the haze days than the thermal meteorological factors. The contribution of thermal meteorological factors is basically the same in both scenarios.
Keywords： Meteorological conditions Human activities Haze Jing–Jin–Ji region
Cao Xiaofeng , Hu Chengzhi, Qi Weixiao, Zheng Hua, Shan Baoqing, Zhao Yong, Qu Jiuhui
Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 130-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.008
Water resources shortage and water environment pollution have become the major obstacles for the coordinated development of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. In this paper, the status quo of and challenges for water resources regulation and water environment protection in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region are analyzed, and corresponding strategies are proposed, including building a water ecological system involving mountains, rivers, forest, farmland, lakes, and sea using technical approaches; establishing a healthy recycling and efficient utilization model for water resources; developing production and living modes adapting to the carrying capacity of the water ecology; improving water environment quality and ensuring the health of regional water ecosystems; establishing a coordinated management system for the regional water environment; strengthening industry cooperation and pollution reduction; and promoting peri-urbanization and pollution abatement in the rural areas. This study is hoped to provide decision support for comprehensive ecological environment control in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and ecological civilization construction in China.
Keywords： Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region water resources and water environment regulation and security
Yu Jiang, Yuning Yang, Rui Li, Beidou Xi, Mingxiao Li, Yan Hao, Fanhua Meng, Shaobo Gao, Lei Chen
Strategic Study of CAE 2018, Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 142-147 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.021
The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei is the core strategy of China’s political, economic, scientific, and cultural construction. The environmental protection of regional agricultural producing areas is a strategic location for the battle against pollution. The problem of excessive heavy metals Cd and Hg in the soil of agricultural producing areas is prominent in Beijing and Tianjin, and the pollution risk cannot be ignored. The main causes of soil pollution in the agricultural producing areas in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region are heavy metal pollution by industrial development zones, sewage irrigation, inadequate sewage treatment capacity, imperfect regulations and policies, and backward technical standards. This study proposed to comprehensively deploy a “sky-ground integrated” environment monitoring system for the agricultural producing area, implement the clean production of in-dustrial and mining enterprises, and promote comprehensive strategies of soil pollution prevention and control such as comprehensive management of livestock and poultry pollution. Engineering cases for environmental pollution prevention and control of a pit-pond pollution site and an informal refuse landfill in Tianjin are enumerated to provide references for strategic decisions of soil pollution prevention and control in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei agricultural producing areas.
Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei Coordinated Development toward the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals
Huang Yujie, Liu Guixian, Bo Yu, Wang Jie, Cao Mingyue, Lu Xi, He Kebin
Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 160-172 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.013
The Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei (BTH) region is intensive in energy consumption and carbon emission. Under the constraint of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, it is significant to analyze the coordinated development policies that synergistically promote low-carbon economic and social transformation in the BTH region. A long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP)-BTH model is constructed considering the characteristics of the BTH region, to analyze the energy demand and carbon emission of the region from 2021 to 2060. Three scenarios are considered, namely baseline scenario, low-carbon scenario, and coordinated scenario, and eight sub-scenarios are taken into account. The results indicate that: (1) In the baseline scenario, the energy demand in the BTH region will continue to grow, and the carbon emissions of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei in 2060 will decrease to 41%, 40%, and 53% of that in 2020, respectively, facing great challenges for achieving carbon neutrality. (2) In the low-carbon scenario, the carbon emissions of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei in 2060 will decrease to 20%, 26%, and 46% of that in 2020, respectively, and the BTH region will still not be carbon neutral. (3) In the coordinated scenario, the carbon emissions of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei in 2060 will decrease to 13%, 15%, and 21% of that in 2020, respectively, thus achieving carbon neutrality. Several suggestions were further proposed. Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei should adopt clearer and stricter policies for their key emission reduction sectors and measures. For example, Beijing should promote low-carbon transition in its transportation and construction sectors, while Tianjin and Hebei should promote renewable energy alternatives and low-carbon industrial upgrading. Top-level design should be optimized to fully tap the potentials for coordinated development of industry, energy, transportation, and other sectors, with the focus on promoting coordinated industrial upgrading and coordinated energy development.
Keywords： Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei coordinated development LEAP-BTH model energy demand carbon peaking and carbon neutrality
Water Security in Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei Region: Challenges and Strategies
Zhao Yong , Wang Qingming , Wang Hao , He Fan , Li Haihong , Zhai Jiaqi , Liu Rong , Hu Peng , Wang Jing
Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages 8-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.07.001
The Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region suffers from a high bearing pressure of water resources and its water ecosystem is severely damaged. For future development, it is necessary to analyze the water security risks and propose targeted countermeasures,thus to ensure the coordinated development of the Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region and build this region into a world-class urban agglomeration. In this study, we summarize the key national policies, socio-economic development trends, and ecological protection requirements of the region. In addition, we analyze the water security status and relevant major scientific issues. Our findings are as follows. (1) The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is the primary problem that threatens water security in the Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region, and water resources in the region will probably continue to decay by 1‒2 billion m3. Therefore, to guarantee the security of the regional water system, 3.9‒6 billion m3 of water needs to be transferred into this region via the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. (2) To address the shrinkage and drying of regional rivers and lakes, groundwater overexploitation, and other severe water ecological problems, we propose a layout for the ecological protection and restoration of rivers and lakes and clarify the healthy groundwater levels for different areas: 8‒20 m in piedmont plains, 3‒5 m in central plains, 6‒10 m in urban areas, and 2‒3 m in the eastern coastal area. (3) To improve the weak links of the flood control system in the region such as a low pass rate of flood control standards and the difficulty in activating flood detention areas, this region needs to strengthen the routine‒emergency integrated management and prepare countermeasures for over-level floods.
Keywords： Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region water security efficient utilization of water resources groundwater level restoration river and lake ecology protection
Evaluation of Measures for Comprehensive Environmental Control in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Wu Jian, Xu Jiayu, Hao Jiming
Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 99-105 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.006
Within years of environmental governance, many comprehensive environmental control measures have been taken in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region to cope with air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution, and ecological damages. These measures could be summarized as industrial restructuring, energy structure adjustment, transportation structure adjustment, land use structure adjustment, and green transformation of agriculture and rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted to distinguish the comprehensive benefits of these measures, and the comprehensive benefits were evaluated using a cloud model evaluation method. Result shows that these comprehensive benefits are ranked from high to low as industrial restructuring, energy structure adjustment, transportation structure adjustment, land use structure adjustment, and green transformation of agriculture and rural areas. This method and the result can provide a scientific foundation for the selection of comprehensive control measures for treating multiple pollution media in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.
Keywords： comprehensive environmental control air pollution water pollution solid waste disposal ecological environment
Zhao Yong, He Fan, Wang Qingming, He Guohua
Strategic Study of CAE 2022, Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages 107-115 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.013
Since the Overall Planning of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was approved 20 years ago, the supply and demand situation of water resources and water ecological environment problems in North China has undergone profound changes. Therefore, optimizing the subsequent route becomes significant for adapting to the new development situation in North China and for implementing major national strategies. The Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region is the major water-receiving area of the follow-up project of the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Analyses of the long-term supply and demand trend, spatial distribution, and structural characteristics of the Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei region exhibit that from the long-term supply and demand trend, the gap of water resources in this region is 3.9×109‒6×109 m3, and the growth of water demand is mainly contributed by the central and western urban areas, which are also key areas for implementing national strategies such as the construction of the Xiongan New Area. Moving water supply centers westward by establishing a new route into Beijing via Baiyang Lake while usingexisting river channels allows the route of the project to cover the shallow groundwater overexploitation areas to the largest extent, which is also conducive to the supply of ecological water for rivers and lakes. By this means, the eastern route can satisfy the requirement of the region for high-quality development owing to its comparative advantages of multiple series water systems, wide coverage of artesian water, strong capacity of regulation and storage, and high comprehensive benefits. Considering the new situation of the follow-up project planning and construction, we reviewed the major issues including the function positioning, overall layout, and route orientation of the project, and proposed a conception for optimizing the follow-up project of the eastern route, thereby providing a reference for promoting the high-quality development of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.
Keywords： South-to-North Water Diversion Project Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region Baiyang Lake water supply and demand double route
Hao Jiming,Xu Jiayu,Wu Jian and Ma Qiao
Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 13-19 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.003
This article discusses the regional atmospheric environmental capacity of areas in different stages of economic development, and presents the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) region and the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions in China as examples. The atmospheric environmental capacities for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ammonia (NH3) emissions were calculated for the various provinces with the constraint condition of the annual average ambient PM2.5 concentration standard (GB3095—2012), using a global chemical transport model from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-Chem). The results indicate that the total emissions of SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5, VOCs and NH3 emited from the Jingjinji and the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions all exceed the environmental capacity.
Keywords： PM2.5 air quality environmental capacity
Wen Shengfang,Shan Baoqing,Ma Jing and Deng Wei
Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 88-96 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.014
This study discusses the environmental carrying capacity for surface water in different main functional zones in water-deficient areas, such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) and the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions in China. Main function was used as the basic principle to divide control units.This paper analyzes the pollution-bearing capacity of the main functional zones of the Ministry of Water Resources and analyzes pollutant discharge statistics from the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The results show that the ammonia discharge from the priority development regions of Jingjinji and Northwest China is greater than the water environmental carrying capacity, due to emissions from urban life. Pollutant discharge, including chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia, into major agricultural product-producing areas and key protected ecological areas overloaded the capacity of the Jingjinji region, while 19%–73% of the water environmental carrying capacity remained in the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions in China. Therefore, the environmental and industrial policies for different main functional zones depend on the type of functional zone and on the overloaded condition of the water environmental carrying capacity.
Keywords： water-deficient areas environmental carrying capacity main functional zone overload degree
Regional Coordinated Development of China’s Ecological Civilization Progress in the New Era
The Comprehensive Research Group for Research on Several Strategic Issues on Ecological Civilization Construction
Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 74-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.001
Based on comprehensive research results of the major consulting project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering “Research on Several Issues on Ecological Civilization Construction (Phase III)”, we evaluated the development level and dynamic changes of China's ecological civilization progress in 2017. Focusing on regional imbalance of ecological civilization development in China, we selected several typical areas as the research objects, including Eastern China, Central China, ecological fragile region in Western China, and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. We then summarized and analyzed the regional differences and prominent problems in the development of ecological civilization in China from the aspects of integrated and comprehensive improvement of urban agglomeration environment, ecological protection and green development of key zones for development, coordinated development of ecological resources and assets in ecological fragile regions, and value realization of ecological products in developed regions. Furthermore, relevant countermeasures and strategy for the coordinated development of ecological civilization in China is proposed, thus to provide strategic suggestions for the macro decision-making of the development of ecological civilization in China in the new era.
Keywords： new era ecological civilization regional coordination Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration Central China Eastern China ecological fragile region in Western China
Haisheng Li, Xiaolin Hou, Jie Xue, Tianfeng Guo, Tiansen Zou, Hefeng Zhang, Xiang Guo, Mingxiao Li, Jiming Hao
Engineering 2023, Volume 30, Issue 11, Pages 20-26 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.021
An Evaluation of the Ecological Civilization Level of Typical Urban Agglomerations in China
Yang Jiao,Zhang Linbo,Luo Shanghua,Xie Yuxi,Li Fen
Strategic Study of CAE 2017, Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 54-59 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.009
In order to evaluate China's level of ecological civilization, a set of indicators was established according to the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the goal of ecological civilization construction in China. Using the double-benchmark progressive method and taking a city as an evaluated unit, this study examines the level of ecological civilization of three typical urban agglomerations: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji), the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. The results indicate that the ecological civilization level of the Pearl River Delta ranks highest (69.95) and the ecological civilization level of Jingjinji ranks lowest (59.04). Green environmental field is the shortcoming of the three urban agglomerations' EC level. The urban EC level evaluation data shows the shortcomings of the EC, and designate the direction for the EC development level.
Keywords： ecological civilization development level Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) urban agglomeration Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration double-benchmark progressive method
Design of unballasted track bridges in Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway
Sun Shuli,Zhang Wenjian,Wang Zhaohu,Su Wei,Wu Cailan,Bu Qinghao
Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 32-42
Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway is the first built passenger dedicated line with the speed of 350 km/h in our country. During the design, new ideas of bridge construction were carried out in order to ensure the safety, amenity and stability requirements of the train under high-speed condition. At the same time, concepts of environmental adaptability, serving for transportation and comprehensive benefits were followed. In the whole line of the railway, long-bridge scheme was adopted, and the most advanced technology of unballasted track was utilized in bridges which account for 87.7 % of the total line. The success of the design and construction of bridges in Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway accumulated valuable experiences for large-scale construction of high-speed railway at the future. And roles of demonstration, landmark and prototype are played at the same time.
Keywords： Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway unballasted track bridge design concept
Ding Yuanwen
Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages 43-47
Specific requirements and methods of settlement monitoring which are used in bridge of unballasted track passenger dedicated line or high-speed railway are introduced systematically, and mathematical model and determinant conditions of settlement are proposed simultaneously, taking Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway as an example.
Keywords： Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway bridge settlement monitoring evaluation
Title Author Date Type Operation
Thoughts and Countermeasures on Promoting Energy Revolution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Yan Xiaohui, Gao Dan, Li Yanjie
Journal Article
Influence of Human Activities on Wintertime Haze-Related Meteorological Conditions over the Jing–Jin–Ji Region
Ying Xu, Yanju Liu, Zhenyu Han, Botao Zhou, Yihui Ding, Jie Wu, Tongfei Tian, Rouke Li, Jing Wang
Journal Article
Strategies for Water Resources Regulation and Water Environment Protection in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Cao Xiaofeng , Hu Chengzhi, Qi Weixiao, Zheng Hua, Shan Baoqing, Zhao Yong, Qu Jiuhui
Journal Article
Soil Pollution Prevention Strategies and Typical Engineering Cases of Agricultural Products Producing Areas in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Yu Jiang, Yuning Yang, Rui Li, Beidou Xi, Mingxiao Li, Yan Hao, Fanhua Meng, Shaobo Gao, Lei Chen
Journal Article
Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei Coordinated Development toward the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals
Huang Yujie, Liu Guixian, Bo Yu, Wang Jie, Cao Mingyue, Lu Xi, He Kebin
Journal Article
Water Security in Beijing‒Tianjin‒Hebei Region: Challenges and Strategies
Zhao Yong , Wang Qingming , Wang Hao , He Fan , Li Haihong , Zhai Jiaqi , Liu Rong , Hu Peng , Wang Jing
Journal Article
Evaluation of Measures for Comprehensive Environmental Control in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
Wu Jian, Xu Jiayu, Hao Jiming
Journal Article
Optimizing the Route to the North of the Yellow River for the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Zhao Yong, He Fan, Wang Qingming, He Guohua
Journal Article
A Study of the Atmospheric Environmental Capacity of Jingjinji and of the Five Northwestern Provinces and Autonomous Regions in China
Hao Jiming,Xu Jiayu,Wu Jian and Ma Qiao
Journal Article
Surface Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in Water-Deficient Areas: A Case Study on Jingjinji and the Five Northwestern Provinces and Autonomous Regions in China
Wen Shengfang,Shan Baoqing,Ma Jing and Deng Wei
Journal Article
Regional Coordinated Development of China’s Ecological Civilization Progress in the New Era
The Comprehensive Research Group for Research on Several Strategic Issues on Ecological Civilization Construction
Journal Article
Practices and Empirical Insights from the National Research Program for Key Issues in Heavy Air Pollution in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Surrounding Areas
Haisheng Li, Xiaolin Hou, Jie Xue, Tianfeng Guo, Tiansen Zou, Hefeng Zhang, Xiang Guo, Mingxiao Li, Jiming Hao
Journal Article
An Evaluation of the Ecological Civilization Level of Typical Urban Agglomerations in China
Yang Jiao,Zhang Linbo,Luo Shanghua,Xie Yuxi,Li Fen
Journal Article
Design of unballasted track bridges in Beijing-Tianjin inter-city railway
Sun Shuli,Zhang Wenjian,Wang Zhaohu,Su Wei,Wu Cailan,Bu Qinghao
Journal Article
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