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Advance in Structural Steel

Weng Yuqing

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 48-53

Abstract:

Advance on “Ultra Steel”，which is characterized by fine grained microstructure，is described in this paper. Progress has been made in this field in China. Yielding strength increases from 235 Mpa to 420〜 470 Mpa while elongation increases from 26% to 29% 〜34% for plain carbon steels. The high strength steel with anti-delayed fracture function has been developed and its pilot testing has been successfully finished in IVECO Auto Com. with 13.9 grade.

Keywords： iron and steel materials basic research performance improvement advance

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Development Strategies for High Performance Synthetic Resins in China

Zhang Liping, Yang Xueping, Chu Liqiu, Sheng Yiyi

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 121-127 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.011

Abstract:

High performance synthetic resin is a key basic material that supports the development of strategic emerging industries such as advanced manufacturing, new energy, and electronic information. In this article, we analyze the demand for high performance synthetic resins by industrial development and review the technical development trends of the industry in China in terms of high performance polyolefin resin and other high performance synthetic resins using the methods of literature research and expert consultation. Moreover, we summarize the problems of the industry including outdated domestic technology and equipment, foreign dependence on several high-end products, insufficiency in basic research, and inadequate efforts in solving the environmental pollution caused by waste plastics. After analyzing the key technologies regarding the high performance synthetic resins, we propose some industrial development suggestions. High-end products should be developed using existing equipment and technology and then put into large-scale application. Basic research and personnel training should be strengthened to guarantee technological innovation. Biodegradable plastics should be developed to promote sustainable development. Technical exchange and cooperation between petrochemical enterprises and universities should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of technology transformation and application.

Keywords： high performance synthetic resins high performance polyolefin industry trend key technology

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Function-geometry integrated precision machining methodsand technologies for high performance workpieces

Guo Dongming

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 47-57

Abstract:

With the expansion of high-end equipments and products, performance tolerance standard of some equipments and products becomes more and more high. In this case, a large number of high performance parts come into being. The machining of these key parts has changed from pure geometric accuracy requirements to performance-geometry integrated precision machining requirements under the premise of taking performance requirements as a primary target. Such high performance parts often have complex surfaces and ultra-high machining accuracy, and consequently use difficult-to-cut materials with supper-hard, supper-brittle or supper-sticky characteristics. Due to the case that the part performance has complex coupled effect with many factors such as part geometry and material, it is rather difficult to manufacture with a high precision when using traditional machining processes, which often lead to high rejection rate, low machining efficiency and particularly out-of-tolerance part performance. For satisfying the requirement of manufacturing industry, a new digital machining way for high performance key parts is presented in this paper. The characteristics and classified system of high performance key parts are described. Then reasons of high product rejection rate using experiential method and connotations of positive digital machining of complex surfaces are subsequently expounded. Key issues and their research statuses, existing problems and solving measures of positive machining technologies are finally discussed in detail. It provides an effective reference and guidance for the establishment of performance-geometry integrated machining principle, method and process technologies, and then as a result to solve the issue of the precision manufacture of high performance parts.

Keywords： high performance function-geometry integration precision machining difficult-to-cut material complex surface

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High-Performance and Multifunctional Cement-Based Composite Material Article

Victor C. Li

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 250-260 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.031

Abstract:

Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those that support the desirable durability, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure that directly impact our quality of life. It is proposed that high-performance material characteristics include tensile ductility, autogenous crack-width control, and material “greenness.” Furthermore, smart functionalities should be aimed at enhancing infrastructure durability, resilience, and sustainability by responding to changes in the surrounding environment of the structure in order to perform desirable functions, thus causing the material to behave in a manner more akin to certain biological materials. Based on recent advances in engineered cementitious composites (ECC), this paper suggests that concrete embodying such high-performance characteristics and smart multifunctionalities can be designed, and holds the potential to fulfill the expected civil infrastructure needs of the 21st century. Highlights of relevant properties of ECC are provided, and directions for necessary future research are indicated.

Keywords： High-performance concrete Multifunction Smart Cement-based composite Durability Resilience Sustainability Infrastructure

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Self-deployed execution environment for high performance computing Research Articles

Mingtian SHAO, Kai LU, Wenzhe ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 6, Pages 845-857 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100016

Abstract:

Traditional (HPC) systems provide a standard preset environment to support scientific computation. However, HPC development needs to provide support for more and more diverse applications, such as artificial intelligence and big data. The standard preset environment can no longer meet these diverse requirements. If users still run these emerging applications on HPC systems, they need to manually maintain the specific dependencies (libraries, environment variables, and so on) of their applications. This increases the development and deployment burden for users. Moreover, the multi-user mode brings about privacy problems among users. Containers like Docker and Singularity can encapsulate the job's , but in a highly customized HPC system, cross-environment application deployment of Docker and Singularity is limited. The introduction of container images also imposes a maintenance burden on system administrators. Facing the above-mentioned problems, in this paper we propose a self-deployed (SDEE) for HPC. SDEE combines the advantages of traditional virtualization and modern containers. SDEE provides an isolated and customizable environment (similar to a virtual machine) to the user. The user is the root user in this environment. The user develops and debugs the application and deploys its special dependencies in this environment. Then the user can load the job to compute nodes directly through the traditional HPC job management system. The job and its dependencies are analyzed, packaged, deployed, and executed automatically. This process enables transparent and rapid job deployment, which not only reduces the burden on users, but also protects user privacy. Experiments show that the overhead introduced by SDEE is negligible and lower than those of both Docker and Singularity.

Keywords： Execution environment High performance computing Light-weight Isolation Overlay

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Development and Prospect of High Performance Polymer Composites in China

Cao Weiyu, Yang Xueping, Zhang Ousheng

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 112-120 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.010

Abstract:

High performance polymer composites have become an indispensable strategic material for national defense and economic development due to their excellent comprehensive properties. They have broad prospects for development since they have been widely applied in various fields such as aerospace, wind power generation, rail transit, and automobile. The macro development demand of China for high performance polymer composites is analyzed in this paper. The current status and characteristics of fiber reinforcement such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, and high performance glass fiber as well as polymer resin matrix materials such as epoxy, phenolicresin, and special resin is reviewed. The existing problems and developing objective are also proposed. Specifically, an industrialization system including key technology research and engineering application for the carbon fiber has been established, allowing the carbon fiber industry to develop toward high performance and low cost. The industrial production of para-aramid fiber is preliminarily realized and the glass fiber industry has maintained a stable growth. However, the resin matrix materials for high performance polymer composites face a severe situation. Furthermore, suggestions are proposed based on the demand of development from the viewpoint of independent innovation, demand orientation, construction of industrial chain, personnel training, and industrial innovation, hoping to provide an effective reference for the development of high performance polymer composites in China.

Keywords： high performance fiber polymer resin matrix composites

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Storagewall for exascale supercomputing Article

Wei HU,Guang-ming LIU,Qiong LI,Yan-huang JIANG,Gui-lin CAI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 11, Pages 1154-1175 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601336

Abstract: The mismatch between compute performance and I/O performance has long been a stumbling block as supercomputers evolve from petaflops to exaflops. Currently, many parallel applications are I/O intensive, and their overall running times are typically limited by I/O performance. To quantify the I/O performance bottleneck and highlight the significance of achieving scalable performance in peta/exascale supercomputing, in this paper, we introduce for the first time a formal definition of the ‘storage wall’ from the perspective of parallel application scalability. We quantify the effects of the storage bottleneck by providing a storage-bounded speedup, defining the storage wall quantitatively, presenting existence theorems for the storage wall, and classifying the system architectures depending on I/O performance variation. We analyze and extrapolate the existence of the storage wall by experiments on Tianhe-1A and case studies on Jaguar. These results provide insights on how to alleviate the storage wall bottleneck in system design and achieve hardware/software optimizations in peta/exascale supercomputing.

Keywords： Storage-bounded speedup Storage wall High performance computing Exascale computing

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Exploring high-performance processor architecture beyond the exascale None

Xiang-hui XIE, Xun JIA

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 10, Pages 1224-1229 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800424

Abstract:

The ever-increasing need for high performance in scientific computation and engineering applications will push high-performance computing beyond the exascale. As an integral part of a supercomputing system, highperformance processors and their architecture designs are crucial in improving system performance. In this paper, three architecture design goals for high-performance processors beyond the exascale are introduced, including effective performance scaling, efficient resource utilization, and adaptation to diverse applications. Then a high-performance many-core processor architecture with scalar processing and application-specific acceleration (Massa) is proposed, which aims to achieve the above three goals by employing the techniques of distributed computational resources and application-customized hardware. Finally, some future research directions regarding the Massa architecture are discussed.

Keywords： High-performance computing Beyond the exascale Processor architecture Application-customized hardware Distributed computational resources

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Sustainable High-Performance Resilient Structures

Hong Hao, Jun Li

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 197-198 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.001

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Higher Performance Seismic Structures for Advanced Cities and Societies

Jiro Takagi, Akira Wada

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 184-189 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.023

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Steel Fiber–Matrix Interfacial Bond in Ultra-High Performance Concrete: A Review Review

Yulin Deng,Zuhua Zhang,Caijun Shi,Zemei Wu,Chaohui Zhang

Engineering 2023, Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages 215-232 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.019

Abstract:

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new cementitious concrete composite with significant application potential in infrastructure construction because of its excellent mechanical strength and durability. The steel fiber–matrix interfacial bond is the main factor that governs other mechanical properties of UHPC, including tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths and failure mode (fracture behavior). This paper presents a comprehensive review on the research progress of fiber–matrix bond behaviors of UHPC by discussing and comparing a range of fiber pullout testing methods and analytical models. The parameters of the fiber–matrix bond, including the geometry and orientation of fibers, surface treatment, and composition and strength of the matrix, are identified and discussed in detail. Lastly, recommendations for future research related to UHPC strengthening methods and testing details are provided based on recent progress.

Keywords： Ultra-high performance concrete Interfacial bond Steel fiber Pullout behavior

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FTRP: a new fault tolerance framework using process replication and prefetching for high-performance computing Research

Wei HU, Guang-ming LIU, Yan-huang JIANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 10, Pages 1273-1290 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601450

Abstract:

As the scale of supercomputers rapidly grows, the reliability problem dominates the system availability. Existing fault tolerance mechanisms, such as periodic checkpointing and process redundancy, cannot effectively fix this problem. To address this issue, we present a new fault tolerance framework using process replication and prefetching (FTRP), combining the benefits of proactive and reactive mechanisms. FTRP incorporates a novel cost model and a new proactive fault tolerance mechanism to improve the application execution efficiency. The novel cost model, called the ‘work-most’ (WM) model, makes runtime decisions to adaptively choose an action from a set of fault tolerance mechanisms based on failure prediction results and application status. Similar to program locality, we observe the failure locality phenomenon in supercomputers for the first time. In the new proactive fault tolerance mechanism, process replication with process prefetching is proposed based on the failure locality, significantly avoiding losses caused by the failures regardless of whether they have been predicted. Simulations with real failure traces demonstrate that the FTRP framework outperforms existing fault tolerance mechanisms with up to 10% improvement in application efficiency for common failure prediction accuracy, and is effective for petascale systems and beyond.

Keywords： High-performance computing Proactive fault tolerance Failure locality Process replication Process prefetching

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Development Strategies for China’s High-Performance Fibers and Their Composites

Li Zhongping, Feng Zhihai, Xu Lianghua, Lyu Chunxiang, Li Long, Zhu Shipeng

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 28-36 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.005

Abstract:

As a vital component of China’s key strategic materials, high-performance fibers and their composites are the material foundations to support the implementation of national strategies and the manufacture of high-end equipment. They are also an important force actuating the development of the new materials industry. This paper focuses on the strategy of constructing a strong country in material fields by 2035. In the paper, the current status, trends, challenges, and domestic problems of high-performance fibers and their composites are systematically analyzed. Additionally, a development idea of “independent product, technology, and industry system” is put forward, and the development aims by both 2025 and 2035 and the development tasks are presented. Accordingly, suggestions are proposed including improving the ability for designing and applying composites, developing the technology of industrial manufacturing facilities, and establishing a joint innovation platform, hoping to provide a reference for the high-quality development of the technologies and industries regarding high-performance fibers and their composites.

Keywords： high-performance fibers，composites，industrialization equipment，joint innovation platform，2035

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The Current Status and Trends of High Performance computing Technology

Han Jizhong,Han Chengde

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 85-86

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Research and Development of High Performance Ceramics With Structural and Functional Properties Combined

Jiang Dongliang

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 35-39

Abstract:

This paper introduces some developing trends of new materials and material sciences, such as multifunction, composite, miniaturization, low cost manufacturing and analyses the basic properties and problems of processing of high performance ceramics nowadays. The paper briefly describes some special properties, possible application fields and mass production problems of ceramics with structural and functional properties combined, such as silicon carbide, Nd doped YAG, and Sialon with rare-earth elements added. Finally, proposed several topics (including processing sciences)of such kind of multifunction materials for future research and developing.

Keywords： structural and functional properties combined high performance ceramics SiC Nd - YAG RE-Si₃N₄