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《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 >> 2017年 第11卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0916-8

Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”

. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.. Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands.. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands

发布日期: 2017-04-06

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摘要

· No preference is set between CA and IA models to assess toxicity of metal mixtures. · Increased model complexity does not, by itself, lead to improved performance. · Not all significant deviations have biological meaning due to poor reproducibility. · Interactions are suggested to incorporate when they are significant and repeated. Observed effects of metal mixtures on animals and plants often differ from the estimates, which are commonly calculated by adding up the biological responses of individual metals. This difference from additivity is commonly referred to as being a consequence of specific interactions between metals. The science of how to quantify metal interactions and whether to include them in risk assessment models is in its infancy. This review summarizes the existing predictive tools for evaluating the combined toxicity of metals present in mixtures and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We intend to provide eco-toxicologists with background information on how to make good use of the tools and how to advance the methods for assessing toxicity of metal mixtures. It is concluded that statistically significant deviations from additivity are not necessarily biologically relevant. Incorporation of interactions between metals in a model does not on forehand mean that the model is more accurate than a model developed based on additivity only. It is recommended to first use a relatively simple method for effect prediction of uninvestigated metal mixtures. To improve the reliability of toxicity modeling for metal mixtures, further efforts should focus on balancing the relationship between the significance of statistics and the biological meaning, and unraveling the toxicity mechanisms of metals and their mixtures.

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