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《工程(英文)》 >> 2018年 第4卷 第4期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.06.005

气候变化条件下提高小麦产量和适应性——关键物候基因的优化

a School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia

b Edstar Genetics Pty. Ltd., Perth, WA 6150, Australia

收稿日期: 2017-04-26 修回日期: 2017-08-25 录用日期: 2017-11-20 发布日期: 2018-07-04

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摘要

世界上雨养无灌溉条件下种植的小麦常常受到干旱的影响。针对未来气候的模拟预测显示,除非采用适当的品种,否则温度上升和降雨模式的联合作用将加剧这种干旱情况,并可能造成小麦大幅度减产。由于物候基因的多样性,小麦具有广泛的适应性。小麦物候学提供了一个根据目标环境中可用水改变作物的发育阶段从而提高抗旱性。本文综述了春化(Vrn)、光周期(Ppd)和矮秆(Rht)基因等小麦物候学研究的最新进展。在不同气候条件下VrnPpd 基因的等位基因、单倍型和拷贝数有不同的反应,因而不仅可以改变发育阶段,而且可以改良产量。与模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)相比,还有更多尚未发现的小麦物候基因,在目标环境中量化其效应将有助于通过育种提高小麦的耐旱性。因此,通过配置适当的物候基因、Rht 基因和其他耐旱性相关的重要生理性状的组合,可以在水资源有限的环境中使产量最大化。

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