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《工程(英文)》 >> 2019年 第5卷 第1期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.014

通过双RGB-D传感器融合增强对未知环境的自主探索和地图绘制

Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China

State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

收稿日期: 2018-02-04 修回日期: 2018-06-25 录用日期: 2018-11-08 发布日期: 2018-12-27

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摘要

对未知环境的自主探索和地图构建具有广泛的应用价值和重要的现实意义。现有方法多采用距离传感器生成二维栅格地图。红/ 绿/ 蓝深度(red/green/blue-depth,RGB-D)传感器提供环境的颜色和深度信息,从而生成三维(three-dimensional,3D)点云地图,便于人类直观感知。本文提出了一种利用双RGB-D 传感器实现未知室内环境自动探测和测绘的系统方法。通过同步处理RGB-D数据,生成定位点,逐步构建三维点云图和二维栅格地图。紧接着,探索方法被建模为一个部分可观测的马尔科夫决策过程,将局部地图推演和全局边界搜索方法相结合进行自主探索,将动态行为约束用于运动控制。这有效避免了局部最优,保证了探测效果。在单连通和多分支区域的实验表明,该方法具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的效率。

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