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《工程(英文)》 >> 2021年 第7卷 第1期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.017

工程过程中分子间和表面间相互作用

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada

收稿日期: 2020-03-29 修回日期: 2020-07-18 录用日期: 2020-08-20 发布日期: 2020-12-09

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摘要

在复杂流体中,化学试剂、固体颗粒、气泡、液滴和固体表面间的相互作用在许多工程过程中起着至关重要的作用,如泡沫浮选、乳液和泡沫形成、吸附、污垢、防污现象等。这些在分子、纳米和微观尺度上的相互作用显著地影响并决定了相关工程过程的宏观性能和效率。理解工程过程中的分子间和表面间相互作用具有基础和实际意义,这不仅改善了生产技术,而且为新材料的开发提供了有价值的见解。本文首先介绍了各种工程过程中涉及的典型分子间和表面间相互作用,包括Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(DLVO)相互作用(即范德华相互作用和双电层相互作用)和非DLVO相互作用(如空间位阻和疏水相互作用)。本文简要介绍了用于测量复杂流体中分子间和表面间相互作用力的原子力显微镜和表面力仪等纳米力学技术;综述了近年来我们对矿物浮选、石油工程、废水处理、储能材料这些工程体系中分子间和表面间相互作用的研究进展;讨论了这些基本相互作用机制与解决工程挑战中的实际应用之间的相关性,并对未来的研究领域进行前景展望。

 

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