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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第12卷 第5期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.014

生命早期微生物群的发育与人类的健康和疾病

a Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou 310053, China
b State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
c Research Units of Infectious disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310003, China

# These authors contributed equally to this work.

收稿日期: 2020-10-09 修回日期: 2020-12-04 录用日期: 2020-12-08 发布日期: 2021-02-10

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摘要

人类微生物群在生命早期的定植对健康具有长期的影响。最初肠道微生物群的状态决定了人类从婴儿期到成年期的生长发育,因此是人类长期发育的一个关键窗口期。本文旨在总结生命早期共生肠道微生物群的最新发现及其在代谢、过敏和自身免疫疾病相关的疾病(包括肥胖症、糖尿病、过敏性疾病、自闭症、炎症性肠病和发育迟缓)中的重要作用。本文讨论了肠道微生物群发育过程和塑造肠道微生物群的各种因素,以及肠道微生物群在生命早期建立过程中与宿主生理系统之间的串扰(尤其是肠道免疫发育和稳态,以及神经发育过程中的中枢神经系统),以破译与生命早期肠道微生物组相关的疾病机制。此外,还考察了以微生物群为靶向的治疗方法,并显示出这些方法对于上述疾病具有一定的治疗潜力。肠道微生物组正确的成熟过程取决于遗传、营养和环境因素,必须详细检查,以监测健康的肠道微生物组发育,并通过新型益生菌或粪便微生物群移植等方法进行干预,尽可能以此纠正错误的发育过程。

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