期刊首页 优先出版 当期阅读 过刊浏览 作者中心 关于期刊 English

《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.023

中国地表水中优先控制新兴有机污染物的筛选

a School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
b Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
c School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

收稿日期: 2020-09-30 修回日期: 2020-12-14 录用日期: 2020-12-30 发布日期: 2021-04-02

下一篇 上一篇

摘要

近20 年来,新兴有机污染物(EOC)在水环境中的污染现状和潜在危害引起了人们的广泛关注。由于EOC的种类多、数量大,监测项目、治理措施和法律法规应重点关注对生态系统和人体健康产生重要影响的污染物。本文提出了一种基于危害指数和暴露指数的多标准筛选方法,用于对我国地表水检出的405 种未管控的新兴污染物进行优先筛选。对污染物的危害效应、暴露潜力、生态风险和人体健康风险进行定量分析和初步筛选。危害指数为污染物持久性、生物累积性、生态毒性和人体健康危害的综合效应。同样,暴露指数为检出浓度和检出频率的综合函数。根据危害指数和暴露指数标准化值的乘积,对通过初步筛选的123 种污染物进行优先指数排序。根据排序结果,11 种污染物被列为最高优先等级,36 种污染物被列为高优先等级。通过比较优先指数与暴露指数、危害指数、生态风险、人体健康风险的排序结果,发现优先指数可以有效地整合单个指标的排序结果。根据暴露数据和危害数据的可获得性,划分了4 种不确定类别,并针对4 种不确定类别提出不同的应对措施:①对不确定类别1 中的污染物进行常规监测,制定环境质量标准和管控策略;②对不确定类别2 中的污染物增加环境监测项目;③不对确定类别3 中的污染物增加危害评估;④对不确定类别4 中的污染物增加环境监测和危害评估。总体上,本文提出了我国地表水中应优先控制的19 种新兴污染物名录建议,该名录为我国地表水中EOC的监测、控制、评价和管理提供了必要的信息。

补充材料

图片

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

参考文献

[ 1 ] Pal A, Gin KY, Lin AY, Reinhard M. Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects. Sci Total Environ 2010;408(24):6062–9. 链接1

[ 2 ] Sun Q, Li M, Ma C, Chen X, Xie X, Yu CP. Seasonal and spatial variations of PPCP occurrence, removal and mass loading in three wastewater treatment plants located in different urbanization areas in Xiamen. China. Environ Pollut 2016;208:371–81. 链接1

[ 3 ] Yu X, Sui Q, Lyu S, Zhao W, Cao X, Wang J, et al. Do high levels of PPCPs in landfill leachates influence the water environment in the vicinity of landfills? a case study of the largest landfill in China. Environ Int 2020;135:105404. 链接1

[ 4 ] Yu X, Sui Q, Lyu S, Zhao W, Liu J, Cai Z, et al. Municipal solid waste landfills: an underestimated source of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the water environment. Environ Sci Technol 2020;54(16):9757–68. 链接1

[ 5 ] Wu D, Sui Q, Yu X, Zhao W, Li Q, Fatta-Kassinos D, et al. Identification of indicator PPCPs in landfill leachates and livestock wastewaters using multiresidue analysis of 70 PPCPs: analytical method development and application in Yangtze River Delta, China. Sci Total Environ 2021;753:141653. 链接1

[ 6 ] Murray KE, Thomas SM, Bodour AA. Prioritizing research for trace pollutants and emerging contaminants in the freshwater environment. Environ Pollut 2010;158(12):3462–71. 链接1

[ 7 ] Bu Q, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment in China: a review. J Hazard Mater 2013;262:189–211. 链接1

[ 8 ] Liu JL, Wong MH. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs): a review on environmental contamination in China. Environ Int 2013;59:208–24. 链接1

[ 9 ] Ma R, Wang B, Yin L, Zhang Y, Deng S, Huang J, et al. Characterization of pharmaceutically active compounds in Beijing, China: occurrence pattern, spatiotemporal distribution and its environmental implication. J Hazard Mater 2017;323:147–55. 链接1

[10] Peng Y, Fang W, Krauss M, Brack W, Wang Z, Li F, et al. Screening hundreds of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in surface water from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD): occurrence, distribution, ecological risk. Environ Pollut 2018;241:484–93. 链接1

[11] Sun S, Chen Y, Lin Y, An D. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and seasonal variation of emerging trace organic pollutants in source water for Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ 2018;639:1–7. 链接1

[12] Galus M, Kirischian N, Higgins S, Purdy J, Chow J, Rangaranjan S, et al. Chronic, low concentration exposure to pharmaceuticals impacts multiple organ systems in zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2013;132–133:200–11. 链接1

[13] Guiloski IC, Ribas JLC, Pereira LDS, Neves APP, Silva de Assis HC. Effects of trophic exposure to dexamethasone and diclofenac in freshwater fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015;114:204–11. 链接1

[14] Johansson CH, Janmar L, Backhaus T. Toxicity of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole to marine periphytic algae and bacteria. Aquat Toxicol 2014;156:248–58. 链接1

[15] Zhang QQ, Ying GG, Pan CG, Liu YS, Zhao JL. Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics emission and fate in the river basins of China: source analysis, multimedia modeling, and linkage to bacterial resistance. Environ Sci Technol 2015;49(11):6772–82. 链接1

[16] Karthikeyan BS, Ravichandran J, Mohanraj K, Vivek-Ananth RP, Samal A. A curated knowledgebase on endocrine disrupting chemicals and their biological systems-level perturbations. Sci Total Environ 2019;692:281–96. 链接1

[17] Council of the European Union, European Parliament. Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 12 August 2013 amending Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. Off J Eur Union 2013;L 226:1–17.

[18] European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/840 of 5 June 2018 establishing a watch list of substances for Union-wide monitoring in the field of water policy pursuant to Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/495. Off J Eur Union 2018;L 141:9–12.

[19] Dulio V, Slobodnik J. In response: the NORMAN perspectives on prioritization of emerging pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34(10):2183–5. 链接1

[20] Prioritized list of substance to be subject to control (1st batch) [Internet]. Beijing: Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China; 2017 Dec 28 [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: http://www. mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201712/t20171229_428832.htm. Chinese.

[21] Daouk S, Chevre N, Vernaz N, Bonnabry P, Dayer P, Daali Y, et al. Prioritization methodology for the monitoring of active pharmaceutical ingredients in hospital effluents. J Environ Manage 2015;160:324–32. Chinese. 链接1

[22] Mansour F, Al-Hindi M, Saad W, Salam D. Environmental risk analysis and prioritization of pharmaceuticals in a developing world context. Sci Total Environ 2016;557–558:31–43. 链接1

[23] Ortiz de Garcia S, Pinto GP, Garcia-Encina PA, Mata RI. Ranking of concern, based on environmental indexes, for pharmaceuticals and personal care products: an application of the Spanish case. J Environ Manage 2013;129:384–97. 链接1

[24] Tsaboula A, Papadakis EN, Vryzas Z, Kotopoulou A, Kintzikoglou K, Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E. Environmental and human risk hierarchy of pesticides: a prioritization method, based on monitoring, hazard assessment and environmental fate. Environ Int 2016;91:78–93. 链接1

[25] Arnot J, Mackay D. Policies for chemical hazard and risk priority setting: can persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and quantity information be combined? Environ Sci Technol 2008;42(13):4648–54. 链接1

[26] Dong Z, Senn DB, Moran RE, Shine JP. Prioritizing environmental risk of prescription pharmaceuticals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013;65(1):60–7. 链接1

[27] Von der Ohe PC, Dulio V, Slobodnik J, Deckere ED, Kuhne R, Ebert RU, et al. A new risk assessment approach for the prioritization of 500 classical and emerging organic microcontaminants as potential river basin specific pollutants under the European Water Framework Directive. Sci Total Environ 2011;406:2064–77. 链接1

[28] Kumar A, Xagoraraki I. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in US surface and finished drinking waters: a proposed ranking system. Sci Total Environ 2010;408(23):5972–89. 链接1

[29] Sui Q, Wang B, Zhao W, Huang J, Yu G, Deng S, et al. Identification of priority pharmaceuticals in the water environment of China. Chemosphere 2012;89 (3):280–6. 链接1

[30] European Commission. Study on the prioritisation of substances dangerous to the aquatic environment. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publication of the European Communities; 1999.

[31] US Department of Health and Human Services. CERCLA priority list of hazardous substances; Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2009.

[32] Bu Q, Cao Y, Yu G, He X, Zhang H, Sun J, et al. Identifying targets of potential concern by a screening level ecological risk assessment of human use pharmaceuticals in China. Chemosphere 2020;246:125818. 链接1

[33] Li Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Ding J. Ranking and prioritizing pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment of China. Sci Total Environ 2019;658:333–42. 链接1

[34] Li Y, Zhang L, Ding J, Liu X. Prioritization of pharmaceuticals in water environment in China based on environmental criteria and risk analysis of top-priority pharmaceuticals. J Environ Manage 2020;253:109732. 链接1

[35] Li Z, Li M, Liu X, Ma Y, Wu M. Identification of priority organic compounds in groundwater recharge of China. Sci Total Environ 2014;493:481–6. 链接1

[36] Estimation Programs Interface SuiteTM for Microsoft Windows, v 4.11 [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 1]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/tsca-screeningtools/epi-suitetm-estimation-program-interface. 链接1

[37] SciFinder [Internet]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; [cited 2019 Sep 1]. Available from: https://origin-scifinder.cas.org/scifinder/view/ scifinder/scifinderExplore.jsf/. 链接1

[38] European Commission. Technical guidance document in support of commission directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and commission regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 1996.

[39] Ecotox Knowledgebase [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://cfpub. epa.gov/ecotox/. 链接1

[40] Agriculture Research Service Pesticide Properties DataBase [Internet]. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/index.htm. 链接1

[41] Brodeur JC, Woodburn KB, Klecka GA. Potentiation of the vitellogenic response to 17a-ethinylestradiol by cortisol in the fathead minnow Pimephales priomelas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2005;24(5):1125–32. 链接1

[42] Chen MY, Ike M, Fujita M. Acute toxicity, mutagenicity, and estrogenicity of bisphenol-A and other bisphenols. Environ Toxicol 2002;17(1):80–6. 链接1

[43] Comenges JMZ, Fentanes JB, Worth A. Biology-based dynamic approach for the reconciliation of acute and chronic toxicity tests: application to Daphnia magna. Toxicol Lett 2010;196:S125. 链接1

[44] Deng W, Li N, Zheng H, Lin H. Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in river water in Hong Kong. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016;125:121–7. 链接1

[45] Ebringer L, Krajcˇovicˇ J, Polónyi J, Lahitová N, Doupovcová M, Dobias J. Tetracycline reduces fluoroquinolones-induced bleaching of Euglena gracilis. Mutat Res Rev Genet Toxicol 1996;340(2–3):141–9. 链接1

[46] Eguchi K, Nagase H, Ozawa M, Endoh YS, Goto K, Hirata K, et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use in the ecotoxicity test using microalgae. Chemosphere 2004;57(11):1733–8. 链接1

[47] Faust M, Altenburger R, Backhaus T, Blanck H, Boedeker W, Gramatica P, et al. Joint algal toxicity of 16 dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action. Aquat Toxicol 2003;63(1):43–63. 链接1

[48] García-Galán MJ, Silvia Díaz-Cruz M, Barceló D. Combining chemical analysis and ecotoxicity to determine environmental exposure and to assess risk from sulfonamides. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 2009;28(6):804–19. 链接1

[49] Gros M, Petrovic M, Ginebreda A, Barceló D. Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes. Environ Int 2010;36(1):15–26. 链接1

[50] Kashian DR, Dodson SI. Effects of vertebrate hormones on development and sex determination in Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2004;23 (5):1282–8. 链接1

[51] Kim Y, Choi K, Jung J, Park S, Kim PG, Park J. Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea. Environ Int 2007;33(3):370–5. 链接1

[52] Liu WR, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Chen ZF, Yang YY, Zhang QQ, et al. Biocides in the Yangtze River of China: spatiotemporal distribution, mass load and risk assessment. Environ Pollut 2015;200:53–63. 链接1

[53] McLeese D, Zitko V, Sergeant D, Burridge L, Metcalfe C. Lethality and accumulation of alkylphenols in aquatic fauna. Chemosphere 1981;10 (7):723–30. 链接1

[54] Montforts MHMM. The trigger values in the environmental risk assessment for (veterinary) medicines in the European Union: a critical appraisal. Bilthoven: Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); 2005. Report No.: 601500002/2005.

[55] Richter E, Wick A, Ternes TA, Coors A. Ecotoxicity of climbazole, a fungicide contained in antidandruff shampoo. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32 (12):2816–25. 链接1

[56] Sanderson H. Probabilistic hazard assessment of environmentally occurring pharmaceuticals toxicity to fish, daphnids and algae by ECOSAR screening. Toxicol Lett 2003;144(3):383–95. 链接1

[57] Sanderson H, Johnson DJ, Reitsma T, Brain RA, Wilson CJ, Solomon KR. Ranking and prioritization of environmental risks of pharmaceuticals in surface waters. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2004;39(2):158–83. 链接1

[58] Tišler T, Krel A, Gerzelj U, Erjavec B, Dolenc MS, Pintar A. Hazard identification and risk characterization of bisphenols A, F and AF to aquatic organisms. Environ Pollut 2016;212:472–9. 链接1

[59] Uslu MO, Jasim S, Arvai A, Bewtra J, Biswas N. A survey of occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceutical substances in the Great Lakes Basin. Ozone Sci Eng 2013;35(4):249–62. 链接1

[60] Verbruggen EMJ, Rila JP, Traas TP, Posthuma-Doodeman CJAM, Posthumus R. Environmental risk limits for several phosphate esters, with possible application as flame retardant. Bilthoven: Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); 2006. Report No. 601501024/ 2005.

[61] Wang W, Zhou L, Gu X, Chen H, Zeng Q, Mao Z. Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in surface water impacted by crab culturing: a case study of Lake Guchenghu, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018;25(23):22619–28. 链接1

[62] Watanabe H, Tamura I, Abe R, Takanobu H, Nakamura A, Suzuki T, et al. Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of pharmaceuticals to three aquatic organisms (alga, daphnid, and fish). Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35(4):996–1006. 链接1

[63] Wollenberger L, Halling-Sørensen B, Kusk KO. Acute and chronic toxicity of veterinary antibiotics to Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 2000;40(7):723–30. 链接1

[64] Zhang Y, Zhang T, Guo C, Lv J, Hua Z, Hou S, et al. Drugs of abuse and their metabolites in the urban rivers of Beijing, China: occurrence, distribution, and potential environmental risk. Sci Total Environ 2017;579:305–13. 链接1

[65] Risk assessment guidance for superfund, volume I. human health evaluation manual (part A) [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; 1989 Dec [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/rags_a.pdf. 链接1

[66] Chemistry Dashboard [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://comptox. epa.gov/dashboard. 链接1

[67] National Health Commission, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Administration for Market Regulation of the People’s Republic of China. GB 2763–2019: National food safety standard-maximum residue limits for pesticides in food. Chinese standard. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. 2019. Chinese.

[68] The Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). Technical report. Geneva: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, World Health Organization; 2019.

[69] International programme on chemical safety (IPCS)—INCHEM [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/. 链接1

[70] The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/search. aspx/. 链接1

[71] fda.gov [Internet]. Silver Spring: US Food and Drug Administration; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/. 链接1

[72] Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. Acceptable daily intakes for agricultural and veterinary chemicals. Sydney: Australian Government; 2020.

[73] European Medicines Agency. Danofloxacin, summary report (2), Committee for veterinary medicinal products. Report. London: The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit; 1997 Sep. Report No.: EMEA/MRL/254/97.

[74] European Medicines Agency. Oxolinic acid, summary report (3), Committee for veterinary medicinal products. Report. London: The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit; 2002 Dec. Report No.: EMEA/MRL/845/02.

[75] European Medicines Agency. Thiabendazole, summary report (3), Committee for medicinal products for veterinary use. Report. London: The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit; 2004 Jun. Report No.: EMEA/MRL/868/03-final.

[76] Caldwell DJ, Mastrocco F, Nowak E, Johnston J, Yekel H, Pfeiffer D, et al. An assessment of potential exposure and risk from estrogens in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 2010;118(3):338–44. 链接1

[77] De Jongh CM, Kooij PJF, de Voogt P, ter Laak TL. Screening and human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in Dutch surface waters and drinking water. Sci Total Environ 2012;427– 428:70–7. 链接1

[78] Kim Y, Jung J, Kim M, Park J, Boxall AB, Choi K. Prioritizing veterinary pharmaceuticals for aquatic environment in Korea. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2008;26(2):167–76. 链接1

[79] Leung HW, Jin L, Wei S, Tsui MM, Zhou B, Jiao L, et al. Pharmaceuticals in tap water: human health risk assessment and proposed monitoring framework in China. Environ Health Perspect 2013;121(7):839–46. 链接1

[80] Prosser RS, Sibley PK. Human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in plant tissue due to biosolids and manure amendments, and wastewater irrigation. Environ Int 2015;75:223–33. 链接1

[81] Roberts BB, Winterlin RC. Integrated risk assessment: a case study. Incose Int Symp 1996;6(1):859–70. 链接1

[82] Schriks M, Heringa MB, van der Kooi MM, de Voogt P, van Wezel AP. Toxicological relevance of emerging contaminants for drinking water quality. Water Res 2010;44(2):461–76. 链接1

[83] Schwab BW, Hayes EP, Fiori JM, Mastrocco FJ, Roden NM, Cragin D, et al. Human pharmaceuticals in US surface waters: a human health risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2005;42(3):296–312. 链接1

[84] Snyder SA. Occurrence, treatment, and toxicological relevance of EDCs and pharmaceuticals in water. Ozone Sci Eng 2008;30(1):65–9. 链接1

[85] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of US Department of Health and Human Services, US Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls: draft for public comment. Report. Chamblee: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2018 Jun. Report No.: CS274127-A.

[86] Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) [Internet]. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/iris/. 链接1

[87] ChemIDplus Advanced [Internet]. Bethesda: US National Library of Medicine; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/. 链接1

[88] rxlist.com [Internet]. New York: WebMD [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/script/main/hp.asp. 链接1

[89] Lazar toxicity predictions [Internet]. Geneva: OpenRiskNet [cited 2019 Sep 1]. Available from: https://openrisknet.org/e-infrastructure/ services/110/. 链接1

[90] Baken KA, Sjerps RMA, Schriks M, van Wezel AP. Toxicological risk assessment and prioritization of drinking water relevant contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Int 2018;118:293–303. 链接1

[91] Kroes R, Kozianowski G. Threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) in food safety assessment. Toxicol Lett 2002;127(1–3):43–6. 链接1

[92] Gramatica P. Chemometric methods and theoretical molecular descriptors in predictive QSAR modeling of the environmental behavior of organic pollutants. In: Puzyn T, Leszczynski J, Cronin MT, editors. Recent advances in QSAR studies. Dordrecht: Springer; 2010. p. 327–66. 链接1

[93] Gramatica P, Pilutti P, Papa E. A tool for the assessment of VOC degradability by tropospheric oxidants starting from chemical structure. Atmos Environ 2004;38(36):6167–75. 链接1

[94] Gramatica P, Cassani S, Sangion A. Aquatic ecotoxicity of personal care products: QSAR models and ranking for prioritization and safer alternatives’ design. Green Chem 2016;18(16):4393–406. 链接1

[95] Sangion A, Gramatica P. Hazard of pharmaceuticals for aquatic environment: prioritization by structural approaches and prediction of ecotoxicity. Environ Int 2016;95:131–43. 链接1

[96] Sangion A, Gramatica P. PBT assessment and prioritization of contaminants of emerging concern: pharmaceuticals. Environ Res 2016;147:297–306. 链接1

[97] Kuzmanovic´ M, Ginebreda A, Petrovic M, Barcelo D. Risk assessment based prioritization of 200 organic micropollutants in 4 Iberian rivers. Sci Total Environ 2015;503–504:289–99. 链接1

[98] Roos V, Gunnarsson L, Fick J, Larsson DG, Ruden C. Prioritising pharmaceuticals for environmental risk assessment: towards adequate and feasible first-tier selection. Sci Total Environ 2012;421–422:102–10. 链接1

[99] Johnson AC, Keller V, Dumont E, Sumpter JP. Assessing the concentrations and risks of toxicity from the antibiotics ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and erythromycin in European rivers. Sci Total Environ 2015;511:747–55. 链接1

[100] Li J, Min Z, Li W, Xu L, Han J, Li P. Interactive effects of roxithromycin and freshwater microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa: toxicity and removal mechanism. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020;191:110156. 链接1

[101] Omar TFT, Ahmad A, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in environmental matrices: review of analytical strategies for pharmaceuticals, estrogenic hormones, and alkylphenol compounds. TrAC Trends Analyt Chem 2016;85:241–59. 链接1

[102] Mohammed AM, Huovinen M, Vahakangas KH. Toxicity of diuron metabolites in human cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020;78:103409. 链接1

[103] Kresmann S, Arokia AHR, Koch C, Sures B. Ecotoxicological potential of the biocides terbutryn, octhilinone and methylisothiazolinone: underestimated risk from biocidal pathways? Sci Total Environ 2018;625:900–8. 链接1

[104] Velisek J, Stara A, Machova J, Dvorak P, Zuskova E, Prokes M, et al. Effect of terbutryn at environmental concentrations on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2012;102(1):102–8. 链接1

[105] Liang S, Xian Z, Yang H, Wang Z, Wang C, Shi X, et al. Rapid destruction of triclosan by iron(III)-tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand/hydrogen peroxide system. Chemosphere 2020;261:127704. 链接1

[106] Safety and effectiveness of consumer antiseptic; topical antimicrobial drug products for over-the-counter human use [Internet]. Silver Spring: US Food and Drug Administration; 2017 Sep 6 [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-09-06/pdf/2016-21337.pdf. 链接1

[107] Fan B, Wang X, Li J, Gao X, Li W, Huang Y, et al. Deriving aquatic life criteria for galaxolide (HHCB) and ecological risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2019;681:488–96. 链接1

[108] Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants [Internet]. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme; [cited 2019 Aug 15]. Available from: http://www.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/TheNewPOPs/tabid/ 2511/Default.aspx. 链接1

[109] Zhang Y, Duan L, Wang B, Du Y, Cagnetta G, Huang J, et al. Wastewaterbased epidemiology in Beijing, China: prevalence of antibiotic use in flu season and association of pharmaceuticals and personal care products with socioeconomic characteristics. Environ Int 2019;125: 152–60. 链接1

[110] Zhong M, Wang T, Qi C, Peng G, Lu M, Huang J, et al. Automated online solidphase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry investigation for simultaneous quantification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2019;1602:350–8. 链接1

相关研究