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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第9卷 第2期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.015

面向未来饮用水净化的OSRO技术——基于河岸过滤的一步反渗透技术

a Oasen Drinkwater Company, Gouda 2800 AC, Netherlands
b Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
c Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
d Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2600 GA, Netherlands

收稿日期: 2020-12-06 修回日期: 2021-01-14 录用日期: 2021-02-06 发布日期: 2021-04-21

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摘要

水环境中出现的新污染物给饮用水处理厂带来了巨大挑战。由于新污染物的浓度较低、特性不明,传统的水处理工艺无法对其进行有效去除,因此技术、经济和环境友好的水净化技术日益重要。本文介绍了一种由河岸过滤(riverbank filtration, RBF)和反渗透(reverse osmosis, RO)组成的一步反渗透(one-step reverse osmosis, OSRO)概念,用于饮用水处理。OSRO概念结合了相对成本较低的河水自然预处理与先进的工程净化系统。RBF提供了一个连续天然水源,具有稳定的水质和强大的污染物屏障。与直接提取地表水相比,由于预先清除了颗粒物、有机物、有机微污染物(organic micro-pollutant, OMP)和微生物,RBF成为基于RO膜的净化系统的理想水源。OSRO处理可以去除几乎99.9%的颗粒物、病原体、病毒和OMP,以及绝大多数的营养物质,从而满足无氯饮用水的要求,且具有较高的生物稳定性。与标准的常规净化步骤(包括喷淋过滤器过滤、软化操作和活性炭吸附)相比,OSRO处理更具有成本效益。人工滤池(artificial bank filtration, ABF)与砂滤系统相结合,起到人工补给的作用,是OSRO概念中RBF的替代方案,用于从当地可用资源中供应饮用水。本文建议以风能作为替代能源来实施OSRO,以提高可持续性和可再生性。本文还提出了一种基于OSRO的分散式系统,用于水的回收和再利用。本文建议未来的水处理应侧重于自然系统和工程系统的结合,通过技术上有效、经济上可行、资源可重复利用和与环境相关的方式提供饮用水。

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