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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第19卷 第12期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.019

地基超光谱立体遥感网络——一种探究中国PM2.5和O3协同控制的新策略

a Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
b Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
c Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
d Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
e Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
f School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
g School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
h Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
i School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China

收稿日期: 2020-10-13 修回日期: 2020-12-10 录用日期: 2021-03-11 发布日期: 2021-07-01

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摘要

进入“十四五”时期,PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5 μm的颗粒物)和O3的协同控制成为我国大气污染防治的重大课题。PM2.5、O3及其前体物的立体监测对于实现协同控制至关重要。然而,目前的监测网络不足以同时监测PM2.5和O3的垂直分布以及支持空气质量控制。2015 年以来,中国科学技术大学(USTC)基于多轴差分吸收光谱仪(MAX-DOAS)在全国范围内主导建立了地基超光谱遥感网络。该立体监测网络为我国PM2.5和O3的区域协同控制提供了重要机遇。基于搭设于四个特大城市(北京、上海、深圳和重庆)的四个MAX-DOAS 监测站获取的一年时间的气溶胶、NO2和HCHO的垂直廓线,探究京津冀(JJJ)、长三角(YRD)、珠三角(PRD)和四川盆地(SB)四大典型污染区域的大气污染物垂直分布差异。400 m以下归一化和年平均的气溶胶垂直廓线在JJJ 和PRD地区分别呈箱型和高斯型分布,在YRD和SB地区都呈E指数型分布。由于四个区域的NO2都主要来自交通车辆排放,因此NO2在四个区域都呈E指数型分布。HCHO垂直廓线在JJJ 和PRD地区呈高斯型分布,在YRD和SB地区呈E指数型分布。此外,立体监测网络中的五个MAX-DOAS 站点[石家庄(SJZ)、望都(WD)、南城(NC)、中国气象科学研究院(CAMS)和中国科学院大学(UCAS)]同时监测到一次发生在华北平原(NCP)西南—东北通道海拔600~1000 m 的典型区域传输事件。气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)在上述五个站点表现为SJZ > WD > NC > CAMS > UCAS。在WD和NC之间监测到了发生在700~900 m高空的NO2短距离区域传输。作为二次气溶胶的重要前体物,研究发现WD和NC的NO2气团峰值均比其气溶胶消光气团峰值早出现约1 h。同时监测到了NC和CAMS之间发生在700~900 m高空的HCHO短距离区域传输,这可能会对北京的O3浓度造成潜在影响。最后,选择CAMS作为典型站点探究垂直方向O3-NOx-挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的敏感性。研究发现O3在0~100 m和100~200 m高度层分别受VOC控制和VOC-NOx混合控制。此外,O3的向下输送也可能会增加近地面O3的浓度。该地基超光谱立体遥感网络为支持PM2.5、O3及其前体物的管控和溯源提供了一种非常具有前景的策略。

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