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《工程(英文)》 >> 2022年 第13卷 第6期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.015

面向指向精度的奇台射电望远镜轮轨误差逆向设计方法

Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an 710061, China

收稿日期: 2020-11-15 修回日期: 2021-05-31 录用日期: 2021-11-21 发布日期: 2021-12-31

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摘要

奇台射电望远镜(QTT)的口径为110 m,计划成为世界上最大的全可动望远镜。理想情况下,望远镜的重复指向精度误差应小于2.5 角秒(arcsec);因此,望远镜的结构必须满足超高精度的要求。为此,本文提出了一种轮轨表面的逆向设计方法,用以降低望远镜整体设计与制造的难度。首先,本文使用偏度系数和峰度系数方法验证了轮轨误差测试数据的分布特征。根据这些分布特征,采用了双尺度模型仿真分析了方位轮轨误差。在本文的实验中,长周期、小幅度的误差以大尺度为特征,采用三角函数描述,短周期、大幅度的误差以小尺度为特征,利用分形函数来模拟。本文首先基于双尺度模型,推导了误差对指向精度的影响机理;其次,推导了轮轨误差的均方根(RMS)与望远镜指向精度误差均方根之间的关系;最后,从容许的指向精度误差来推导出轮轨误差容许的RMS值。为了验证所提新方法的有效性,选择了两种典型的射电天文望远镜[绿岸望远镜(GBT)和大型毫米波望远镜(LMT)]作为实验实例。通过对比发现,望远镜指向精度的理论计算值与实测值基本一致,最大误差小于10%。

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