2022年 第14卷 第7期
《工程（英文）》 >> 2022年 第14卷 第7期 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.019
面向碳中和的近实时碳排放量化技术
a Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
b Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599, USA
c College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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摘要
气候变化是21世纪人类和地球面临的最大环境威胁。全球人为温室气体排放是造成极端气候事件日益增多的主要原因之一。自前工业化阶段以来，二氧化碳（CO2 ）累计排放量与累计温升呈线性关系，约占人为温室气体排放总量的80%。因此，准确可靠的碳排放数据是大多数减排政策制定和目标设定的基础 和科学依据。目前，中国已明确制定了2030年前碳排放达到峰值、2060年前实现碳中和的宏伟目标。为实现更准确的碳排放监测，从而保证减排政策的持续实施和迭代完善，急需开发一个细粒度时空碳排放 数据库。碳排放近实时监测不仅是国家重大需求，也是该学科前沿的科学问题。本文回顾了现有以年为基础的碳核算方法，重点介绍了最新开发的实时碳排放技术及其当前应用趋势。还提出一个可广泛使用 的最新近实时碳排放核算技术框架。相关数据和方法的开发将为中国碳中和战略的相关政策制定提供 强有力的数据支持。最后，本文对碳排放实时监测技术的未来发展进行了展望。
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