¹. Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK;². Center for Agricultural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;³. Qiyang Agro-ecosystem of National Field Experimental Station, Yongzhou 426182, China;⁴. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;¹. Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK;⁵. UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;⁶. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;⁷. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;⁸. UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;⁹. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK;¹⁰. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;⁷. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;⁶. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;¹¹. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;¹². School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK;². Center for Agricultural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;⁹. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK;¹³. Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK;⁵. UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK;¹⁴. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK;¹⁵. ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK;¹⁵. ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, UK;¹. Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK;¹¹. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;⁶. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;⁶. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;⁶. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;¹⁰. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;⁶. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China