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《中国工程科学》 >> 2018年 第20卷 第5期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.011

中国农业非常规水资源灌溉现状与发展策略

中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京 100048

资助项目 :中国工程院咨询项目“中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究”(2016-ZD-10);国家重点研发计划课题“灌溉多水源优化调度配置技术与方法”(2016YFC0400102) 收稿日期: 2018-08-20 修回日期: 2018-08-30 发布日期: 2018-11-30

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摘要

随着水资源的日益紧缺,非常规水资源的开发利用越来越受到各国的重视。利用非常规水资源进行灌溉是应对水资源紧缺的重要举措之一。非常规水资源农业利用以再生水和微咸水为主。中国农业非常规水资源具有较高的潜力,预计到2030年,农业可利用非常规水资源量为3.438×1010 m3,其中再生水和微咸水农田灌溉量分别为1.645×1010 m3 和2.48×109 m3。在淡水资源紧缺、非常规水资源相对丰富的地区,充分利用非常规水资源是缓解淡水资源危机的重要途径。本文在介绍了中国非常规水资源农业利用现状的基础上,总结了非常规水资源的灌溉模式,从灌溉区划技术、适宜作物分类、污染识别技术、高效灌水技术、监测评价技术和集成应用模式六方面提出了非常规水资源安全灌溉保障措施,提出了加强农业非常规水资源灌溉技术研究与推广、完善农业非常规水资源回用的标准规范体系、将非常规水资源纳入水资源配置与开发利用规划以及制定农业非常规水资源开发利用激励政策的发展策略,以建立适合我国气候特点和国情的农业非常规水资源利用技术体系。

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