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《中国工程科学》 >> 2018年 第20卷 第5期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.012

我国典型作物用水特征及现代农业灌溉技术模式

1. 中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038;

2. 国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京 100048

资助项目 :中国工程院咨询项目“中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究”(2016-ZD-10);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(ID0145B082017,ID0145B742017,ID0145B492017) 收稿日期: 2018-09-10 修回日期: 2018-09-19 发布日期: 2018-11-30

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摘要

理清农作物用水特征、灌溉技术模式、现代农业灌溉体系等问题,对提高农业用水效率和实现农业水资源持续利用具有重要现实意义。本文以我国综合农业分区为基础,重点以黄淮海小麦产区、东北水稻产区、长江中下游水稻产区、四川盆地水稻产区、内蒙古东部牧区、广西甘蔗产区及新疆棉花产区等为主要分区,分析了典型作物的灌溉制度特点与规律,筛选出优化技术模式,同时提出了现代农业灌溉的技术特点及政策保障体系。主要结论如下:①对各综合农业分区主要作物采用优化灌溉制度,保证作物缺水敏感期水分供应,节约灌溉水量,稳产同时提高水分生产率;②针对各综合分区特点及限制因素,筛选出先进节水技术模式并推广应用,确保优化灌溉制度精准实施,实现了区域农业综合生产能力提高;③为适应和支撑现代农业生产和经营体系,提出了基于信息技术的现代灌溉技术及其相应的融资机制、水权管理机制等政策保障体系。

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