2021年 第23卷 第1期
《中国工程科学》 >> 2021年 第23卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.024
长江三角洲地区农用地土壤重金属污染状况与防治建议
1. 中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室，中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所，合肥 230031；
2. 安徽省环境光学监测技术重点实验室，合肥 230031
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摘要
长江三角洲地区（简称长三角地区）是我国重要的工农业生产基地，关注该地区农用地土壤重金属污染状况对促进地区经济社会良性发展、保障生态环境安全具有重要意义。本文根据近 20 年发表的长三角地区农用地土壤重金属相关文献中的重金属含量数据，全面分析长三角不同区域农用地土壤典型重金属累积情况与污染状况，系统探究导致长三角地区农用地土壤重金属累积与污染的主要原因。分析发现，工业“三废”排放、交通运输、化肥、农药、农膜等的大量施用（使用），使得长三角地区农用地土壤中重金属 Cd 累积与污染情况最为严重，其次是 Cu、 Hg 和 Pb，而浙江台州和安徽铜陵分别存在Cd、 Hg 和 Cu， Cd、 Pb 和 Cu 多种重金属复合污染问题。针对长三角地区农用地土壤重金属污染防治的迫切需求和主要污染成因，在农用地土壤重金属污染源头控制、农用地土壤重金属快速动态监测、农用地土壤分级管理、重金属污染农用地土壤修复新技术研发、农用地土壤污染防治立法等方面提出了相关防治建议，以期为改善长三角地区农用地土壤生态环境、促进优质高效农业的可持续发展提供参考。
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