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《中国工程科学》 >> 2021年 第23卷 第2期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.022

南极机场冰雪跑道工程技术发展现状与展望

自然资源部极地科学重点实验室,中国极地研究中心,上海 200136

资助项目 :国家自然科学基金资助项目 (41941006, 41876230);国家重点研发计划项目 (2019YFC1509102) 收稿日期: 2020-12-22 修回日期: 2021-03-01 发布日期: 2021-03-18

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摘要

世界强国针对南极科技前沿、地缘政治、开发利用权益的争夺趋于激烈。我国建设和运营南极航空基础设施,有利于提升我国在南极的综合影响力、扩大南极科学考察规模、满足人员和物资快速投送需求,战略发展价值突出。本文较全面地分析了南极机场建设现状,凝练了我国开展冰雪机场建设面临的技术挑战;解析了极地科考强国在南极机场冰雪跑道建设方面的工程技术体系,据此梳理我国开展南极机场冰雪跑道建设所需掌握的重点技术。研究表明,我国未来的南极大型机场跑道建设,涉及的工程技术体系应涵盖三大工程步骤(机场跑道选址、道面材料设计、道面人工处理)和 1 项核心技术(压实雪层技术)。结合我国南极科学考察创新发展对航空运输能力建设的顶层需求,论证提出重点研究方向:机场选址及建设的自然环境条件研究,压实雪层技术,冰雪跑道施工装备技术,机场运行指挥监测体系设计。

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