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2022年 第24卷 第3期

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《中国工程科学》 >> 2022年 第24卷 第3期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.002

我国锂及其下游动力电池产业链发展探讨

中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，北京 100037

资助项目 ：中国工程院咨询项目“关键金属矿产及其材料产业供应链安全保障研究”(2021-XBZD-06)；国家自然科学基金项目 (92062111) 收稿日期： 2022-03-05 修回日期： 2022-05-20 发布日期： 2022-06-23
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摘要

锂及其下游动力电池产业链的高质量发展，对支撑我国经济转型升级、保障战略性新兴产业平稳发展起到关键作用。本文梳理了锂及其下游动力电池产业链的构成，涵盖资源端、冶炼加工端、关键材料与产品端、循环利用端四部分，据此阐述了相关产业链高质量发展的必要性及其基本状况。研究发现，受自然、生态等约束，国内锂矿扩产受到限制；国际性的资源争夺导致我国海外进口风险剧增；正极材料、电解液等核心专利处于被国外公司垄断局面；关键材料与电池技术相比国际先进水平存在一定差距，新兴技术方向的积累薄弱；废旧动力电池资源二次回收体系不完备，产业秩序有待规范。着眼锂及其下游动力电池产业链的高质量发展，论证了2025 年、2035 年的阶段发展目标，提出了采取多维度构建安全稳定的资源供应体系、攻关关键材料和电池新技术并强化锂电技术体系及人才储备、围绕关键材料与产品实施创新以带动产业链各环节协同发展的建设路径。研究建议，注重顶层设计的完备性，形成全产业链一体化管理模式；合理加大资金支持力度，促进基础研究与应用研究水平互促提升；鼓励上、下游环节的企业开展合作，增强产业链协同效应；强化“产学研”合作，培育产业链复合型科技人才。

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