2023年 第25卷 第1期
《中国工程科学》 >> 2023年 第25卷 第1期 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.001
电子雷管起爆技术研究进展与发展建议
1. 三峡大学水利与环境学院，湖北宜昌443002；
2. 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司，重庆401121
下一篇 上一篇
摘要
电子雷管提高了延期精度以及起爆网路设计的灵活性，可实现“生产‒ 运输‒ 储存‒ 使用”全生命周期安全管控，成为民爆行业重点发展方向。本文从产品结构、应用场景、智能化水平、爆破设计理论、拒爆失效机理等方面着手，梳理了电子雷管起爆技术的发展现状，总结了系列化和标准化、智能化、短延时设计、大规模起爆网路等技术发展趋势；结合工程应用实践，凝练了复杂环境下拒爆现象频发、爆破应用研究脱节、产品类型单一、标准体系不健全等电子雷管起爆技术与应用问题。着眼民爆行业发展需求，提出了电子雷管起爆技术的重点研究方向：电子雷管精确延时控制爆破破岩理论，信息技术与电子雷管起爆技术融合，差异化的电子雷管产品体系，电子雷管标准体系。
图片
图1
图2
图3
图4
图5
图6
图7
图8
图9
图10
图11
图12
图13
参考文献
[ 1 ]
张乐 , 颜景龙 , 李风国 , 等 . 隆芯1号数码电子雷管在露天采矿中的应用 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2010 , 16 4 : 73 ‒ 76 .
Zhang L , Yan J L , Li F G , al e t . Application of LUX No.1 digital electronic detonator in open pit mine [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2010 , 16 4 : 73 ‒ 76 .
[ 2 ]
颜景龙 . 中国电子雷管技术与应用 [J]. 中国工程科学 , 2015 , 17 1 : 36 ‒ 41 .
Yan J L . Technology and application of Chinese electronic detonator [J]. Strategic Study of CAE , 2015 , 17 1 : 36 ‒ 41 .
[ 3 ]
邢光武 , 郑炳旭 , 魏晓林 . 延时起爆干扰减震爆破技术的发展与创新 [J]. 矿业研究与开发 , 2009 , 29 4 : 95 ‒ 97 .
Xing G W , Zheng B X , Wei X L . Development and innovation delay initiating techniques to reduce blasting vbration [J]. Mining Research and Development , 2009 , 29 4 : 95 ‒ 97 .
[ 4 ]
田振农 , 孟祥栋 , 王国欣 . 城区隧道电子雷管起爆错相减震机理分析 [J]. 振动与冲击 , 2012 , 31 21 : 108 ‒ 111 .
Tian Z N , Meng X D , Wang G X . Mechanism analysis of fault-phase vibration reduction for tunnel blasting initiated by electronic detonators in city area [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock , 2012 , 31 21 : 108 ‒ 111 .
[ 5 ]
李顺波 , 杨仁树 , 杨军 . 精确延时对台阶爆破岩石破碎块度影响的数值模拟研究 [J]. 爆破器材 , 2016 , 45 3 : 11 ‒ 16 .
Li S B , Yang R S , Yang J . Numerical simulation of the impact of precise time delay on rock fragmentation in bench blasting [J]. Explosive Materials , 2016 , 45 3 : 11 ‒ 16 .
[ 6 ]
冷振东 , 范勇 , 卢文波 , 等 . 孔内双点起爆条件下的爆炸能量传输与破岩效果分析 [J]. 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2019 , 38 12 : 2451 ‒ 2462 .
Leng Z D , Fan Y , Lu W B , al e t . Explosion energy transmission and rock-breaking effect of in-hole dual initiation [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering , 2019 , 38 12 : 2451 ‒ 2462 .
[ 7 ]
施富强 . 爆破振动频率调控技术研究与应用 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2012 , 18 2 : 54 ‒ 59 .
Shi F Q . Research and application of blasting vibration frequency control technology [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2012 , 18 2 : 54 ‒ 59 .
[ 8 ]
中国爆破器材行业协会 . 2021年民爆行业经济运行分析报告 [R]. 北京 : 中国爆破器材行业协会 , 2022 .
China Explosive Materials Trade Association . Analysis report on economic operation of civil explosive industry in 2021 [R]. Beijing : China Explosive Materials Trade Association , 2022 .
[ 9 ]
王嵬 . 向家坝二期纵向围堰混凝土爆破拆除减振技术研究 [J]. 水力发电 , 2014 , 40 1 : 79 ‒ 81 .
Wang W . Study on vibration damping technologies for phase-II longitudinal cofferdam concrete blasting in Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station [J]. Water Power , 2014 , 40 1 : 79 ‒ 81 .
[10]
刘明生 , 刘泽艳 , 范道林 . 数码电子雷管在杨房沟水电站拱坝坝基开挖中的运用 [J]. 四川水力发电 , 2021 , 40 6 : 41 ‒ 46 .
Liu M S , Liu Z Y , Fan D L . Application of digital electronic detonator in arch dam foundation exaction of Yangfanggou Hydropower Station [J]. Sichuan Water Power , 2021 , 40 6 : 41 ‒ 46 .
[11]
余良松 , 周龙杰 , 胡英国 , 等 . 两河口水电站级配料开采爆破孔间延时优选的试验研究 [J]. 爆破 , 2021 , 38 4 : 81 ‒ 88 .
Yu L S , Zhou L J , Hu Y G , al e t . Experimental study on delay optimization between blasting holes in grade batching mining of Lianghekou Hydropower Station [J]. Blasting , 2021 , 38 4 : 81 ‒ 88 .
[12] Leng Z D, Sun J S, Lu W B, al et. Mechanism of the in-hole detonation wave interactions in dual initiation with electronic detonators in bench blasting operation [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2021, 129: 1‒12.
[13]
叶春雷 , 郑德明 , 戴春阳 , 等 . 复杂环境下数码电子雷管在土石方爆破工程中的应用 [J]. 爆破 , 2019 , 36 4 : 76 ‒ 79 .
Ye C L , Zheng D M , Dai C Y , al e t . Application of digital electronic detonator in soil-rock blasting engineering in complex situation [J]. Blasting , 2019 , 36 4 : 76 ‒ 79 .
[14]
孙鹏昌 , 卢文波 , 雷振 , 等 . 单薄山体岩质高边坡爆破振动响应分析及安全控制 [J]. 岩土工程学报 , 2021 , 43 5 : 877 ‒ 885 .
Sun P C , Lu W B , Lei Z , al e t . Blasting vibration response and control of high rock slopes of thin mountain [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , 2021 , 43 5 : 877 ‒ 885 .
[15] Guan X M, Guo C X, Mou B, al et. Tunnel millisecond-delay controlled blasting based on the delay time calculation method and digital electronic detonators to reduce structure vibration effects [J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(3): 1‒15.
[16]
史秀志 , 邱贤阳 , 聂军 , 等 . 超大断面竖井深孔爆破成井技术 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2016 , 22 5 : 7 ‒ 12 .
Shi X Z , Qiu X Y , Nie J , al e t . Technology of deep-hole blasting in ultra-large section shaft excavation [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2016 , 22 5 : 7 ‒ 12 .
[17]
刘忠民 , 杨年华 , 石磊 , 等 . 电子雷管小孔距爆破拒爆试验研究 [J]. 爆破器材 , 2021 , 50 5 : 39 ‒ 42 .
Liu Z M , Yang N H , Shi L , al e t . Experimental study on misfire in small hole-space blasting of electronic detonator [J]. Explosive Materials , 2021 , 50 5 : 39 ‒ 42 .
[18]
刘翔宇 , 龚敏 , 吴昊骏 , 等 . 自由面变化条件下隧道电子雷管爆破参数确定方法 [J]. 爆炸与冲击 , 2021 , 41 10 : 150 ‒ 162 .
Liu X Y , Gong M , Wu H J , al e t . Determination method of tunnel blasting parameters using electronic detonator under changing condition of free surface [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves , 2021 , 41 10 : 150 ‒ 162 .
[19]
徐传忠 , 孙跃光 , 张春玉 , 等 . 126 m长水闸和交通桥控制拆除爆破 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2021 , 27 6 : 92 ‒ 95 .
Xu C Z , Sun Y G , Zhang C Y , al e t . Controlled demolition blasting of a 126 m long sluice and traffic bridge [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2021 , 27 6 : 92 ‒ 95 .
[20]
黄雄 , 田水龙 , 余兴和 , 等 . 复杂环境下小塌落高度双曲拱桥爆破拆除 [J]. 爆破 , 2022 , 39 1 : 120 ‒ 129 .
Huang X , Tian S L , Yu X H , al e t . Blasting demolition of double-curved arch bridge with small collapse height in complex environment [J]. Blasting , 2022 , 39 1 : 120 ‒ 129 .
[21]
李卫群 , 钟云 , 周浩仓 . 复杂环境刚架拱桥电子雷管拆除爆破控制技术 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2020 , 26 1 : 65 ‒ 71 .
Li W Q , Zhong Y , Zhou H C . Controlled blasting demolition of electronic detonator for rigid frame arch bridge in complex environment [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2020 , 26 1 : 65 ‒ 71 .
[22]
龚逞华 , 周浩仓 , 郭刚 , 等 . 电子雷管在楼房爆破拆除中的应用 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2018 , 24 5 : 40 ‒ 44 .
Gong C H , Zhou H C , Guo G , al e t . Application of electronic detonator in demolition blasting of building [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2018 , 24 5 : 40 ‒ 44 .
[23]
刘庆 , 张程娇 , 郝亚飞 , 等 . 数码电子雷管在某露天矿爆破中的应用 [J]. 工程爆破 , 2019 , 25 2 : 67 ‒ 72 .
Liu Q , Zhang C J , Hao Y F , al e t . Application of digital electronic detonator in blasting of an open pit mine [J]. Engineering Blasting , 2019 , 25 2 : 67 ‒ 72 .
[24]
冯叔瑜 . 爆破工程 [M]. 北京 : 中国铁道出版社 , 1980 .
Feng S Y . Blasting engineering [M]. Beijing : China Railway Publishing House , 1980 .
[25]
张正宇 . 现代水利水电工程爆破 [M]. 北京 : 中国水利水电出版社 , 2003 .
Zhang Z Y . Modern water conservancy and hydropower engineering blasting [M]. Beijing : China Water Power Press , 2003 .
[26]
戴俊 . 岩石动力学特性与爆破理论 [M]. 北京 : 冶金工业出版社 , 2002 .
Dai J . Dynamic behaviors and blasting theory of rock [M]. Beijing : Metallurgical Industry Press , 2002 .
[27] Hashemi S A, Katsabanis P. The effect of stress wave interaction and delay timing on blast-Induced rock damage and fragmentation [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2020, 53: 2327‒2346.
[28] Lang L C, F Favreau R. A modern approach to open-pit blast design and analysis [C]. Montreal: The 74th Annual General Meeting of the C.I.M., 1972.
[29] Langefors U, Khilstrom B. The modern techniques of rock blasting [M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1963.
[30] Hagan T N, J Kennedy B. A practical approach to the reduction of blasting nuisances from surface operations [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, 1978, 15(3): 65.
[31] Winzer S R, Furth W, Ritter A. Initiator firing times and their relationship to blasting performance [C]. Austin: The 20th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, 1979.
[32] B Andrews A. Design criteria for sequential blasting [C]. Phoenix: Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, 1981.
[33] Stagg M S, A Rholl S. Effects of accurate delays on fragmentation for single-row blasting in a 6.7 m bench [C]. Bethel CT: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, 1987.
[34] Otterness R E, Stagg M S, A Rholl S. Correlation of shock design parameters to fragmentation [C]. Las Vegas: Proceedings of the 7th ISEE Conference on Explosives and Blasting Research, 1991.
[35] Rossmanith H P. The use of lagrange diagrams in precise initiation blasting Part I: Two interacting blastholes [J]. International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation, 2002, 6(1): 104‒136.
[36] Johansson D, Ouchterlony F. Fragmentation in small-scale confined blasting [J]. International Journal of Mining and Mineral Engineering, 2011, 3(1): 72‒94.
[37] Johansson D, Ouchterlony F. Shock wave interactions in rock blasting: The use of short delays to improve fragmentation in model-scale [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2013, 46(1): 1‒18.
[38]
冷振东 . 电子起爆条件下的孔内爆轰波碰撞效应及其破岩效果分析 [C]. 北京 : 中国水利学会2020学术年会 , 2020 .
Leng Z D . Interactions of colliding detonation waves under dual initiation with electronic detonators [C]. Beijing : 2020 Academic Annual Meeting of China Hydraulic Society , 2020 .
[39]
李鹏 , 卢文波 , 陈明 , 等 . 爆破振动全历程预测及主动控制研究进展 [J]. 力学进展 , 2011 , 41 5 : 537 ‒ 546 .
Li P , Lu W B , Chen M , al e t . Advances in full time-history prediction and active control of blasting vibration [J]. Advances in Mechanics , 2011 , 41 5 : 537 ‒ 546 .
[40] Li P, Lu W B, Wu X X, al et. Spectral prediction and control of blast vibrations during the excavation of high dam abutment slopes with millisecond-delay blasting [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 94: 116‒124.
[41]
杨仁树 , 车玉龙 , 孙强 , 等 . 高祥涛.城市地铁电子雷管爆破降振技术试验研究 [J]. 岩石力学与工程学报 , 2014 , 33 Z2 : 3741 ‒ 3749 .
Yang R S , Che Y L , Sun Q , al e t . Experimental study of decreasing blasting vibration technology with digital detonator in urban subway [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering , 2014 , 33 Z2 : 3741 ‒ 3749 .
[42] Shi X Z, Qiu X Y, Zhou J, al et. Application of Hilbert-Huang transform based delay time identification in optimization of short millisecond blasting [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2016, 26(7): 1965‒1974.
[43]
龚敏 , 石发才 , 吴晓东 . 基于叠加和频谱分析的电子雷管延期时间研究 [J]. 振动与冲击 , 2019 , 38 15 : 134 ‒ 141 .
Gong M , Shi F C , Wu X D . Delay time of electronic detonators based on superposition and frequency spectral analysis [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock , 2019 , 38 15 : 134 ‒ 141 .
[44]
冷振东 , 涂书芳 , 周桂松 , 等 . 基于多目标控制的精确延时控制爆破延时参数设计方法 : CN112034006A [P]. 2020-12-04 .
Leng Z D , Tu S F , Zhou G S , al e t . Design method of precise delay control blasting delay parameters based on multi-objective control : CN112034006A [P]. 2020-12-04 .
[45]
李鹏 . 电子起爆条件下岩石高边坡爆破振动主动控制方法 [D]. 武汉 : 武汉大学博士学位论文 , 2012 .
Li P . Active control of blasting vibration induced by excavation of high slope with electronic detonators [D]. Wuhan : Wuhan UniversityDoctoral dissertation , 2012 .
[46]
徐志强 , 冷振东 . 基于电子雷管精确时延的爆破减震试验 [J]. 露天采矿技术 , 2020 , 35 6 : 30 ‒ 33 .
Xu Z Q , Leng Z D . Blasting damping experiment based on electronic detonator precise time delay [J]. Opencast Mining Technology , 2020 , 35 6 : 30 ‒ 33 .
[47]
冷振东 , 周桂松 , 郝亚飞 , 等 . 电子雷管抗冲击性能水下模拟试验装置 : CN202120655619.1 [P]. 2021-06-30 .
Leng Z D , Zhou G S , Hao Y F , al e t . Underwater test device for impact resistance of electronic detonator : CN202120655619.1 [P]. 2021-06-30 .
[48]
冷振东 . 岩石爆破中电子雷管失效机理与抗冲击性能评估方法研究 [C]. 淮南 : 中国力学学会工程爆破专业委员会2021年学术交流会暨青年爆破学者论坛 , 2021 .
Leng Z D . Failure mechanism and impact resistance evaluation method of electronic detonators in rock blasting [C]. Huainan : 2021 Academic Exchange Meeting and Young Blasting Scholars Forum of Engineering Blasting Professional Committee of Chinese society of mechanics , 2021 .
[49]
赵根 , 吴新霞 , 周先平 , 等 . 电子雷管起爆系统及其在岩塞爆破中的应用 [J]. 爆破 , 2015 , 32 3 : 91 ‒ 94 .
Zhao G , Wu X X , Zhou X P , al e t . Electronic detonator initating system and application in rock plug blasting [J]. Blasting , 2015 , 32 3 : 91 ‒ 94 .
[50]
中华人民共和国工业和信息化部安全生产司 . 工业数码电子雷管标准体系建设方案 [EBOL]. 2021-11-04 [ 2022-06-15 ]. http:gxt.shaanxi.gov.cnaqscgzdt72335.jhtml .
Safety Production Division, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People´s Republic of China . Construction scheme of industrial digital electronic detonator standard system [EBOL]. 2021-1104 [ 2022-06-15 ]. http:gxt.shaanxi.gov.cnaqscgzdt72335.jhtml .
链接1
[51]
汪旭光 . 爆破器材与工程爆破新进展 [J]. 中国工程科学 , 2002 , 4 4 : 36 ‒ 40 .
Wang X G . Progresses in explosive materials and engineering blasting [J]. Strategic Study of CAE , 2002 , 4 4 : 36 ‒ 40 .
[52]
戚天新 , 魏琳 , 陈小伟 , 等 . 数码电子雷管隧道爆破中盲炮问题浅析 [J]. 西部探矿工程 , 2021 , 33 10 : 182 ‒ 184 .
Qi T X , Wei L , Cheng X W , al e t . Analysis of blind shot in tunnel blasting with digital electronic detonator [J]. West-China Exploration Engineering , 2021 , 33 10 : 182 ‒ 184 .
京公网安备 11010502051620号
